Facet dependent SEI formation on the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode identified by in situ single particle atomic force microscopy†
Abstract
A facile protocol is developed for the direct observation and characterization of a single particle electrode during the lithium ion battery operation by using in situ AFM. The SEI formation on the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 particle cathode surface is found to be highly related to the exposed planes.