In situ monitoring of the Li–O2 electrochemical reaction on nanoporous gold using electrochemical AFM

Abstract

The lithium–oxygen (Li–O₂) electrochemical reaction on nanoporous gold (NPG) is observed using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging coupled with potentiostatic measurement. Dense Li₂O₂ nanoparticles form a film at 2.5 V, which is decomposed at 3.8–4.0 V in an ether-based electrolyte.