Use of a decoration method on silica nanoparticles to determine element-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction

Abstract

To accurately assess the element-dependent cytotoxicity, nanomaterials with fixed sizes and shapes are required. Here, we fabricated six different elemental nanodomains (MnO₂, Fe₂O₃, CuO, ZnO, CeO₂, and Se) on silica nanoparticles with the same physical properties, and determined their toxicity based on the mitochondrial dysfunction.