Constructions of tetrahydro-γ-carboline skeletons via intramolecular oxidative carbon–carbon bond formation of enamines

Abstract

The synthetically and biologically important 4-methyl and 4-methoxy tetrahydro-γ-carboline compounds were readily synthesized in high yields from an aryl amine and a 5-amino-3-oxopentanoate derivative through a series of reactions of enamination, oxidative annulation, deprotection/lactamization and the final reduction reaction of the carbonyl group. The underpinning strategy involves the oxidative C(sp²)–C(sp²) bond formation realized by either Pd(OAc)₂/Cu(OAc)₂ or a hypervalent iodine reagent.