New viologens, in which two pyridinium moieties are linked by a central five-membered heteroaromatic or phenylene framework, giving stable radical cations on single electron reduction and showing an intense fluorescence emission are efficiently synthesized and characterized.
K. Takahashi, T. Nihira, K. Akiyama, Y. Ikegami and E. Fukuyo, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 620 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000620
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