Ternary ion exchange in zeolites. Part 2.—A thermodynamic formulation

Abstract

Expressions for the thermodynamic equilibrium constants have been derived for exchange in zeolites involving three ions. The zeolite-phase activity coefficients were initially evaluated by application of the Gibbs–Duhem equation to the crystal phase. Subsequently the effects that changes in the activity of the solvent may have upon the values of both the activity coefficients and the thermodynamic equilibrium constants are considered.