Ternary ion exchange in zeolites. Part 1.—Problem of predicting equilibrium compositions

Abstract

This initial study compares the requirements for the determination and prediction of equilibrium compositions in binary ion exchange in zeolites with those for systems involving three exchanging ions. In order clearly to define the problems involved in the derivation of a rigorous thermodynamic model for ternary exchange the necessary reactions are defined, and the means of determining zeolite phase activity coefficients are discussed in terms of some previously derived models.