Inorganic nano-adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals and arsenic: a review

Abstract

Adsorption is widely popular for removal of heavy metals due to its low cost, efficiency, and simplicity. The focus of this review will be the use of inorganic adsorbents engineered at the nanoscale. The applicability of iron oxide (hematite, magnetite and maghemite), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and metal oxide based (Ti, Zn) and polymeric nanoadsorbents are examined. The advantages and limitations of the type of nanoadsorbent and its functionality are evaluated. Current developments and next generation adsorbents are also reviewed. Finally, scopes and limitations of these adsorbents will be addressed while investigating the types of metal ions that are harmful.