Transition metal-catalyzed redox isomerization of codeine and morphine in water†
Abstract
A water-soluble rhodium complex formed from commercially available [Rh(COD)(CH3CN)2]BF4 and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) catalyzes the isomerization of both codeine and morphine into hydrocodone and hydromorphone with very high efficiency. The reaction is performed in water, allowing isolation of the final products by simple filtration, which results in very high isolated yields. The reactions can be easily scaled up to 100 g.