Dendrimer-like core cross-linked micelle stabilized ultra-small gold nanoclusters as a robust catalyst for aerobic oxidation of α-hydroxy ketones in water

Abstract

As one of the most general and promising stabilizers, dendrimers have been widely used to prepare ultra-small gold nanoclusters. However, the complex synthesis of dendrimers hinders the further application of protected nanoclusters. Here we report a facile strategy to prepare an alternative material via core cross-linking of self-assembled micelles. The resulting dendrimer-like core cross-linked micelles (DCCMs) retain the main characteristics of dendrimers and avoid complex chemical synthesis. As expected, the DCCMs could easily encapsulate gold nanoparticles within their cores. The ultra-small clusters of Au₅ were prepared without the participation of external reductants. Importantly, the DCCM stabilized noble gold clusters furnish excellent catalytic activity and perfect reusability for aerobic oxidation of α-hydroxy ketones in water. Only in open air the oxidation could be repeated up to 48 times with negligible turn-over frequency change. The total turnover number (TON) of the reaction reached unexpectedly >48 000, the highest TON for metal catalysed oxidation of hydroxy ketones so far. The further mechanism study hints that the carboxylic group of substrates might be involved in the catalytic process. The simple catalyst preparation, the environmentally benign reaction conditions, and the excellent catalytic performance and durability make the novel DCCM protected gold nanocluster a green catalyst.