Issue 7, 2012

Pyrethroid insecticides in bed sediments from urban and agricultural streams across the United States

Abstract

Pyrethroid insecticides are hydrophobic compounds that partition to streambed sediments and have been shown to cause toxicity to non-target organisms; their occurrence is well documented in parts of California, but there have been limited studies in other urban and agricultural areas across the United States. To broaden geographic understanding of pyrethroid distributions, bed sediment samples were collected and analyzed from 36 streams in 25 states, with about 2/3 of the sites in urban areas and 1/3 in agricultural areas. At least one pyrethroid (of the 14 included in the analysis) was detected in 78% of samples. Seven pyrethroids were detected in one or more samples. Bifenthrin was the most frequently detected (58% of samples), followed by permethrin (31%), resmethrin (17%), and cyfluthrin (14%). The other three detected pyrethroids (cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and delta/tralomethrin) were found in two or fewer of the samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 180 ng gāˆ’1 dry weight. The number of pyrethroids detected were higher in the urban samples than in the agricultural samples, but the highest concentrations of individual pyrethroids were split between urban and agricultural sites. The pyrethroids detected in the agricultural areas generally followed use patterns. Predicted toxicity was greater for urban areas and attributed to bifenthrin, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin, while in agricultural areas the toxicity was mainly attributed to bifenthrin.

Graphical abstract: Pyrethroid insecticides in bed sediments from urban and agricultural streams across the United States

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
23 Nov 2011
Accepted
06 Feb 2012
First published
08 Feb 2012

J. Environ. Monit., 2012,14, 1838-1845

Pyrethroid insecticides in bed sediments from urban and agricultural streams across the United States

M. L. Hladik and K. M. Kuivila, J. Environ. Monit., 2012, 14, 1838 DOI: 10.1039/C2EM10946H

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