Issue 37, 2023

Ti3+ self-doping in BaTiO3 ceramic for multi-sensor applications: reduced bandgap with maintained ferroelectric properties

Abstract

Ferroelectric materials possess piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic properties simultaneously, making them ideal for use in multi-sensor applications. However, it has been challenging to balance the photovoltaic properties with piezoelectric/pyroelectric properties within a single material due to the narrow bandgap and ferroelectricity being incompatible. In this study, Ti3+ self-doping in BaTiO3 (BTO) ceramic is proposed as a solution to reduce the bandgap while maintaining the ferroelectric properties. The influence of Ti3+ self-doping on the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic properties was systematically investigated. It was found that Ti3+ self-doping not only reduces the bandgap but also enables good ferroelectric properties in BTO. This results in a piezoelectric coefficient of 75 pC/N, a pyroelectric coefficient of 59 μC m−2 K−1, and a significant increase in photocurrent by 672.7% under 405 nm illumination. Therefore, Ti3+ self-doped BTO exhibits great potential for multisensory applications for detecting contact force, temperature, and light. These findings provide a new approach to expanding the application of multifunctional ferroelectric materials.

Graphical abstract: Ti3+ self-doping in BaTiO3 ceramic for multi-sensor applications: reduced bandgap with maintained ferroelectric properties

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 Jul 2023
Accepted
26 Aga 2023
First published
29 Aga 2023

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023,11, 12561-12569

Ti3+ self-doping in BaTiO3 ceramic for multi-sensor applications: reduced bandgap with maintained ferroelectric properties

C. X. Li, X. Li, X. Y. Chen, C. Chen, L. Zhao and N. Ma, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 12561 DOI: 10.1039/D3TC02590J

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