Stable organic radical luminescent groups and their applications in nano-diagnosis and therapy

Abstract

The unique electron spin state of organic radicals allows only doublet-todoublet transitions (fluorescence), unlike conventional closed-shell molecules, which readily undergo singlet-triplet conversion leading to fluorescence quenching. Due to the specific electron transition modes of organic radicals, they find applications in light-emitting diodes, magneto-optical luminescence, biological probes, and near-infrared therapy. This paper focuses on the luminescent characteristics, research progress, and types of stable organic radical luminophores, with particular emphasis on their application advances in nanomedicine.