A general and authoritative literature overview on Pd-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions of (hetero)arenes from the origins to 2023, where not only the synthetic aspects were described but also the most relevant mechanistic features.
The CuI-catalyzed reaction between one 1,2-bis(2-bromoaryl)hydrazine moiety and two 1,3-diketones delivers substituted 1,1′-bisindoles with yields up to 92%.
Synthesis, characterization, and application of functionalized silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles with Cu(I)-thiosemicarbazone complex for Ullmann-type N-arylation of nucleobases, xanthines, and other N-heterocycles with aryl halide are described.
This review traces the evolution of Cu-catalyzed Ullmann mechanisms, highlighting the SET mechanism with extensive synthetic examples and mechanistic insights.
A Pd nanoparticle deposited polymer membrane was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for performing versatile C–C and C–heteroatom (O/S/N) cross coupling reactions.