Issue 1, 2024

Elasticity tunes mechanical stress localization around active topological defects

Abstract

Mechanical stresses are increasingly found to be associated with various biological functionalities. At the same time, topological defects are being identified across a diverse range of biological systems and are points of localized mechanical stress. It is therefore important to ask how mechanical stress localization around topological defects is controlled. Here, we use continuum simulations of nonequilibrium, fluctuating and active nematics to explore the patterns of stress localization, as well as their extent and intensity around topological defects. We find that by increasing the orientational elasticity of the material, the isotropic stress pattern around topological defects is changed substantially, from a stress dipole characterized by symmetric compression–tension regions around the core of the defect, to a localized stress monopole at the defect position. Moreover, we show that elastic anisotropy alters the extent and intensity of the stresses, and can result in the dominance of tension or compression around defects. Finally, including both nonequilibrium fluctuations and active stress generation, we find that the elastic constant tunes the relative effect of each, leading to the flipping of tension and compression regions around topological defects. This flipping of the tension–compression regions only by changing the elastic constant presents an interesting, simple, way of switching the dynamic behavior in active matter by changing a passive material property. We expect these findings to motivate further exploration tuning stresses in active biological materials by varying material properties of the constituent units.

Graphical abstract: Elasticity tunes mechanical stress localization around active topological defects

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
24 Сер 2023
Accepted
22 Лис 2023
First published
28 Лис 2023

Soft Matter, 2024,20, 115-123

Elasticity tunes mechanical stress localization around active topological defects

L. Bonn, A. Ardaševa and A. Doostmohammadi, Soft Matter, 2024, 20, 115 DOI: 10.1039/D3SM01113E

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