Volume 218, 2019

Perspectives on the future of multi-dimensional platforms

Abstract

Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) formats have emerged to help address separation problems that are too complex for conventional one-dimensional LC. There are a number of obstacles to the proliferation of 2D-LC that are gradually being removed. Reliable commercial instrumentation has become available and data analysis software is being improved. Detector-sensitivity and phase-system compatibility issues can largely be solved by using active-modulation strategies. The remaining challenge, developing good and fast 2D-LC methods within a reasonable time, may be solved with smart algorithms. The technology platform that has been developed for 2D-LC also creates a number of other possibilities. Between the two separation stages, all kinds of physical (e.g. dissolution) or chemical (e.g. enzymatic or light-induced degradation) processes can be made to take place, allowing a wide variety of experiments to be performed within a single, efficient and automated analysis. All these developments are discussed in this paper and a number of critical issues are identified. A practical example, the characterization of polysorbates by high-resolution comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry, is described as a culmination of recent developments in 2D-LC and as an illustration of the current state of the art.

Graphical abstract: Perspectives on the future of multi-dimensional platforms

Associated articles

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
07 Гру 2018
Accepted
28 Січ 2019
First published
28 Січ 2019

Faraday Discuss., 2019,218, 72-100

Perspectives on the future of multi-dimensional platforms

G. Groeneveld, Bob W. J. Pirok and P. J. Schoenmakers, Faraday Discuss., 2019, 218, 72 DOI: 10.1039/C8FD00233A

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