An investigation into the synergistic enhancement of MIBK for lithium extraction utilizing the TBP–FeCl3 system from spent LiFePO4 powder

Haiyu Wang, Xiangyun Qiu, Zhenhua Feng, Xinyu Li and Tao Wei

New J. Chem., 2025, 49, 8376
DOI: 10.1039/D5NJ00535C

Designing functional Li2CuO2-coated separators from Cu foil towards spent LiFePO4 cathode regeneration

Zihao Zeng, Hai Lei, Jiexiang Li, Zhengqiao Yuan, Bing Wang, Wenqing Zhao, Yue Yang and Peng Ge

Chem. Commun., 2024, 60, 3059
DOI: 10.1039/D4CC00227J

A closed-loop process for high-value regeneration of spent LiFePO4 cathodes after selective aluminium precipitation

Kang Yan, Qing Chen, Zhongtang Zhang, Huaping Nie, Ruixiang Wang and Zhifeng Xu

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 9156
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC03144F

From direct regeneration to upcycling: recycling of spent LiFePO4 cathodes

Mingze Li, Xinyu Dai, Ran Bi, Fangxi Xie and Lei Zhang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2026, 14, 9772
DOI: 10.1039/D5TA09906D

Self-powered recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries via triboelectric nanogenerator

Baofeng Zhang, Lixia He, Jing Wang, Yuebo Liu, Xu Xue, Shengnan He, Chuguo Zhang, Zhihao Zhao, Linglin Zhou, Jie Wang and Zhong Lin Wang

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 3873
DOI: 10.1039/D3EE01156A

Critical metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries’ leaching solution using electrodialysis technologies: strategies and challenges

Tianshu Zhang, Yijun Qian, Changyong Zhang, Tao Qian and Chenglin Yan

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 7775
DOI: 10.1039/D4QI01978D

Integrated recycling of valuable elements from spent LiFePO4 batteries: a green closed-loop process

Huixiang Zhou, Yun Zhang, Liqing Li and Zhanfang Cao

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 7696
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC02180G

Revealing the mechanism of reductive, mechanochemical Li recycling from LiFePO4

David Geiß, Oleksandr Dolotko, Sylvio Indris, Christian Neemann, Andrei Bologa, Thomas Bergfeldt, Michael Knapp and Helmut Ehrenberg

RSC Mechanochem., 2024, 1, 349
DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00014E

Driving the rapid regeneration of LiFePO4 from spent lithium-ion batteries through one-pot mechanochemical activation

Chenyan Wang, Xuejing Qiu, Gaoyang Shen, Xizhuo Chen, Jiamei Wang, Lingling Xie, Qing Han, Limin Zhu, Jingjing Li and Xiaoyu Cao

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 1501
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC04390H

Start from the source: direct treatment of a degraded LiFePO4 cathode for efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Yunlong Xu, Xuejing Qiu, Baichao Zhang, Andi Di, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou and Xiaobo Ji

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 7448
DOI: 10.1039/D2GC02652J

Built-in anionic equilibrium for atom-economic recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Pengfei Zhu, Zhipeng Jiang, Wei Sun, Yue Yang, Debbie S. Silvester, Hongshuai Hou, Craig E. Banks, Jiugang Hu and Xiaobo Ji

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 3564
DOI: 10.1039/D3EE00571B

Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

Jiao Lin, Xiaodong Zhang, Ersha Fan, Renjie Chen, Feng Wu and Li Li

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 745
DOI: 10.1039/D2EE03257K

Preparation of battery-grade lithium carbonate by microbubble enhanced CO2 gas–liquid reactive crystallization

Jijun Lu, Menghua Tian, Jianwei Cao, Junhao Liu, Jianwei Guo, Yiwei Sun, Sheng Pang, Guoyu Qian and Zhi Wang

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 9084
DOI: 10.1039/D2GC03375E

Upcycling of spent LiFePO4 cathodes to efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis

Baoling Niu, Huijing Ma, Xia Long, Xufang Qian and Yixin Zhao

Chem. Commun., 2026, 62, 5331
DOI: 10.1039/D6CC00069J

From lithium-last technology to lithium-first technology: technical mapping and collaborative strategies for sustainable lithium-ion battery recycling

Jiefeng Xiao, Bo Niu, Pengwei Li, Weiqiang Chen and Zhenming Xu

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 10291
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC02804C

Oxidation-CO2 leaching of spent LiFePO4 for lithium extraction and impurity control

Zhiming Yan, You Wu, Zepeng Lv, Shiying Qin, Mingrui Yang, Anwar Sattar and Zushu Li

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 13871
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC03328D

Contact-electro-catalysis (CEC)

Ziming Wang, Xuanli Dong, Wei Tang and Zhong Lin Wang

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, 53, 4349
DOI: 10.1039/D3CS00736G

Ultra-high efficient lithium recovery via terephthalic acid from spent lithium-ion batteries

Jiahui Hou, Zexin Wang, Zifei Meng, Jinzhao Fu, Zeyi Yao, Wenting Jin, Xiaotu Ma, Zhenzhen Yang and Yan Wang

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2025, 9, 3862
DOI: 10.1039/D5SE00547G

Purification–lithiation collaborative regeneration of mixed graphite/LiFePO4: building 2D Li+-diffusion channels towards enhanced energy-storage capabilities

Zihao Zeng, Xiangjin Lu, Shuya Lei, Hai Lei, Aigang Zhen, Yuanlong Liu, Xiaobo Ji, Wei Sun, Yue Yang and Peng Ge

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 27712
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA04717F

Co-recycling of spent cathode and anode via redox-mediated lithiation

Zhimin Du, Peixiang Gao, Yuxiang Chen, Yingming Zhang, Yongzhi Liu, Xuejing Qiu and Lingling Xie

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 9230
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC02248G

A chemical method for the complete components recovery from the ferric phosphate tailing of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries

Zeguang Wu, Huaxian Mei, Xiaoxia Wan, Fanxi Shen and Cong Peng

New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 18474
DOI: 10.1039/D4NJ03034F

Engineering manganese-based cathodes for low-cost and high-energy rechargeable batteries

Hongyu Zhang, Tingzhou Yang, Quan Zhou, Xiaoen Wang and Zhongwei Chen

Chem. Sci., 2026, 17, 6345
DOI: 10.1039/D5SC09895E

Sustainable regeneration of a spent layered lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode from a scrapped lithium-ion battery

Yachao Jin, Xijun Qu, Liyun Ju, Zihao Zhou, Weijian Sun, Li Song and Mingdao Zhang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 32613
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA05089D

Low-carbon recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries via a hydro-oxygen repair route

Kang Liu, Junxiong Wang, Mengmeng Wang, Qiaozhi Zhang, Yang Cao, Longbin Huang, Marjorie Valix and Daniel C. W. Tsang

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 6642
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC00472D

Recycling of metals from LiFePO4 battery cathode material by using ionic liquid based-aqueous biphasic systems

Xiaohua Li, Maia Benstead, Nand Peeters and Koen Binnemans

RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 9262
DOI: 10.1039/D4RA00655K

Closed-loop recovery of waste lithium iron phosphate by safe and environmentally friendly nitric acid selective leaching with bipolar membrane

Wancun Huo, Jinyun Xu, Ming Li, Haitao Liu, Caixia Liu, Mingming Feng, Qingqing Zhu, Yanyan Ji, Chunming Zheng and Xiaohong Sun

Green Chem., 2026
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC06827D

A green strategy for recycling cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries using glutathione

Kunhong Gu, Xingyuan Gu, Yongwei Wang, Wenqing Qin and Junwei Han

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 4362
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC00540B

A review on the insights into redox-based regeneration strategies for LiFePO4 batteries

Junhui Cai, Yanjuan Li, Shengnv Xu, Yiran Li, ZhanZhan Wang, Jie Liu, Shun Yang and Xiao Yan

Nanoscale, 2025, 17, 12048
DOI: 10.1039/D4NR04671D

Perspective on recycling technologies for critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

Jiefeng Xiao, Bo Niu, Jiaqi Lu, Junming Hong, Tingjin Zhou and Zhenming Xu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 496, 154338
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.154338

Atık LFP Bataryaların Geri Dönüşümü

Gizem AVCI and Alp ÖZDEMİR

Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 2023, 11, 997
DOI: 10.29109/gujsc.1332596

Study on selective recovery of lithium from cathode materials of decommissioned lithium batteries and its impact on corporate economic and environmental benefits

Yanhong Li, Guosheng Luo, Haochen Wang and Hua Niu

Environmental Technology, 2025, 46, 4213
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2499973

Recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries–a review of processes, economics, and carbon footprint

Gisele Azimi and Amir Hossein Mohammad Zadeh

Waste Management, 2026, 209, 115203
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115203

In-situ selective leaching and closed-loop recovery from waste LiFePO4 batteries by reusable succinic acid

Rongge Hu, Ziyuan Zhou, Zhiqi Liu, Wei Wang, Peipei Gao, Hanjie Wen and Lili Sheng

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2026, 14, 122186
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2026.122186

Reinforcing the rapid selective recycling of spent LiFePO4 materials through CO2 aeration under ambient-pressure conditions

Xuejing Qiu, Peixiang Gao, Yinhe Liao, Yuxiang Chen, Yongzhi Liu, Qing Han, Lingling Xie, Limin Zhu and Xiaoyu Cao

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 640, 236796
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236796

Organic Acid‐Based Hydrothermal Leaching of LiFePO4 Cathode Materials

Zixian Li, Qingxin Zheng, Akitoshi Nakajima, Zhengyang Zhang and Masaru Watanabe

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2024, 8
DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202300421

Recycling Co and Li from spent lithium-ion batteries with the pyrolysis gases of retired photovoltaics panels

Shuaibo Gao, Xin Qu, Xiang Chen, Fengyin Zhou, Fangzhao Pang, Dihua Wang and Huayi Yin

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 492, 152299
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.152299

Sorting Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Materials Using Dielectrophoresis

Jasper Giesler, Laura Weirauch, Alica Rother, Jorg Thöming, Georg R. Pesch and Michael Baune

ACS Omega, 2023, 8, 26635
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04057

A novel recycling process of LiFePO4 cathodes for spent lithium-ion batteries by deep eutectic solvents

Chao Wang, Haoyuan Yang, Can Yang, Yihui Liu, Liuyang Bai and Shengbing Yang

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 2023, 25, 2077
DOI: 10.1007/s10163-023-01654-3

A perspective on the recovery mechanisms of spent lithium iron phosphate cathode materials in different oxidation environments

Kang Liu, Mengmeng Wang, Qiaozhi Zhang, Zibo Xu, Claudia Labianca, Michael Komárek, Bin Gao and Daniel C.W. Tsang

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023, 445, 130502
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130502

Integrating recycled valuable elements from spent LiFePO4 batteries based on a dimethyl oxalate leaching system

Chunli Liu, Jianbin Xu, Jinxiang Yu, Jia Hu, Pengfei Liu, Zhongbing Wang, Chunjian Deng, Feng Luo, Junwei He, Guisheng Zeng and Xubiao Luo

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2024, 200, 107301
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107301

Enhancement of recovered graphite's electrochemical performance during LIB recycling to promote circular sustainable development

Roshan P. Rane, Bhavesh M. Patil, Satyavan P. Varande, Paresh M. Patil, Vasant M. Patil, Kanchan A. Barve, Kamini J. Donde, Quinn Qiao, Sunil N. Peshane and Vishwanath R. Patil

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2023, 36, e00613
DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2023.e00613

Recycle of spent LiFePO4 batteries: An eco-friendly closed-loop technique based on less solvent solid state reaction

Zhiliang Guo, Shuai Ji, Changgan Lai, Donghuai Zhang, Liu Nie, Yujie Hou, Yuli Zhang, Yifan Zhang and Ling Bai

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 354, 128871
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128871

Progress and prospect of spent lithium iron phosphate cathode materials recycling: A review

Yi Fan, Yongyou Su, Zitong Fei, Yuyun Li, Yun Luo, Le Tian, Qi Meng and Peng Dong

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 132, 117771
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.117771

Research progress on recycling and high-valuepent LiFePO4 cathode materials

Jiajun Chen, Chang Miao, Yu Duan, Chengjin Liu, Zhiyan Wang, Wenming Peng, Jiaxiang Wan, Jinqi Jiao, Tianyu Wen and Wei Xiao

Future Batteries, 2026, 10, 100172
DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2026.100172

Spent LiFePO4 to High-Value LiF: Enhanced Mechanical Chlorination Coupled with a Fluorination Reaction Mechanism

Chao Liang, Nengwu Zhu, Fei Li, Pengfei Zhang, Pingxiao Wu and Yaxi Hu

Processes, 2025, 13, 1478
DOI: 10.3390/pr13051478

Functional nanocellulose hydrogel with amino acid integration for enhanced Li/Fe separation in LiFePO4 batteries

Hanmeng Yuan, Zhimin Zhao, Chenguang Wang, Hongshuai Gao and Yi Nie

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 298, 140018
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140018

Separation of Al and Cu from spent LiFePO4 cathodes via a combination of selective leaching and two-stage precipitation

Xingrui Li, Zihao Ma, Jiangmin Guo, Yu Zhang, Tianmeng Ye, Shaojun Liu, Peng Xing, Hao Song, Weihong Wu, Chenghang Zheng and Xiang Gao

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 368, 132993
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132993

A high-efficiency and low-carbon strategy for selective lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries: Combining mechanochemical activation with biomass reduction roasting

Tianning Lin, Jianquan Liang, Shan Jin, Deying Mu, Shuting Sun, Chen Liu, Yongkui Ning, Jixuan Song, Li Zhao and Changsong Dai

Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 338, 126458
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126458

Dynamic Li+ Capture through Ligand‐Chain Interaction for the Regeneration of Depleted LiFePO4 Cathode

Xin‐Xin Zhao, Xiao‐Tong Wang, Jin‐Zhi Guo, Zhen‐Yi Gu, Jun‐Ming Cao, Jia‐Lin Yang, Feng‐Qi Lu, Jing‐Ping Zhang and Xing‐Long Wu

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308927

Sustainable recovery of lithium from spent LiFePO4 via proton circulation

Zhipeng Jiang, Pengfei Zhu, Yue Yang, Wei Jin, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou, Jiugang Hu, Wei Sun and Xiaobo Ji

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 466, 143186
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143186

Approaching Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Voltage‐Responsive Smart Prelithiation Separator with Surface‐Engineered Sacrificial Lithium Agents

Xin Chang, Min Fan, Boheng Yuan, Wei‐Huan He, Chao‐Fan Gu, Chen Li, Qinghai Meng and Yu‐Guo Guo

Angewandte Chemie, 2024, 136
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202406557

Selective leaching of lithium ions from LiFePO4 powders using hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite system

Wei Liu, Kang Li, Wei Wang, Yulei Hu, Zhongqi Ren and Zhiyong Zhou

Can J Chem Eng, 2023, 101, 1831
DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24617

Ni(II)-Based Porphyrin-Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Promising Anode for Lithium Storage

Wanli Ma, Xiaoyu Song, Xiao Li, Ruiheng Jia, Hongshuang Guo, Yang Li and Xunyong Liu

Langmuir, 2026, 42, 4850
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c05857

Recent advances of LiFe1-yMnyPO4 (0 < y < 1) cathode materials on performance optimization and sustainable preparation

Shuaijing Ji, Junwei Wang, Yuzhen Zhao, Baoshuai Du, Li Xu, Minyuan Guan, Ping Lou, Shun Tang, Shijie Cheng and Yuancheng Cao

Energy Mater, 2025, 5
DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2024.37

Constructing advanced oxidation field by ultrasound towards separation of lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate

Zhuoyu Yin, Hongliang Liu, Likang Fu, Feng Jiang, Jiannan Pei, Shixing Wang, Zhonghua Li, Gengwei Zhang and Libo Zhang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 521, 167076
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.167076

Approaching Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Voltage‐Responsive Smart Prelithiation Separator with Surface‐Engineered Sacrificial Lithium Agents

Xin Chang, Min Fan, Boheng Yuan, Wei‐Huan He, Chao‐Fan Gu, Chen Li, Qinghai Meng and Yu‐Guo Guo

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406557

Approach towards the Purification Process of FePO4 Recovered from Waste Lithium-Ion Batteries

Liuyang Bai, Guangye Liu, Yufang Fu, Wenbin Sun, Xiaomao Zeng, Rumeng Shao, Huiming Ou, Yunting Liang and Fangli Yuan

Processes, 2024, 12, 1861
DOI: 10.3390/pr12091861

Selective lithium recovery from LFP-Type black Mass: Comparative evaluation of inorganic and organic acid systems under Constant-pH leaching conditions

Amir Hossein Mohammad Zadeh, Angela Ye and Gisele Azimi

Waste Management, 2026, 217, 115517
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115517

Enhanced lithium extraction from spent LiFePO4 via high-throughput electrochemical flow cell technology

Hairu Cao, Qi Wang, Jianing Zhang, Juezhi Yu, Kaifeng Yu and Feifei Zhang

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025, 503, 145423
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145423

An overview on the life cycle of lithium iron phosphate: synthesis, modification, application, and recycling

Tianyu Zhao, Harshit Mahandra, Rajashekhar Marthi, Xiaobo Ji, Wenqing Zhao, Sujin Chae, Michael Traversy, Weilun Li, Fan Yu, Lin Li, Yeonuk Choi, Ahmad Ghahreman, Zhongwei Zhao, Chao Zhang, Yuxin Kang, Yuntao Lei and Yunfeng Song

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 485, 149923
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.149923

Scalable Top‐Down Approach for Recycling Highly Degraded Spent LiFePO4 via Lattice Fragmentation‐Regeneration

Junwei Wang, Shuaijing Ji, Yuzhen Zhao, Qigao Han, Fengqian Wang, Wuxin Sha, Danpeng Cheng, Weixin Zhang, Shun Tang, Yuan‐Cheng Cao and Shijie Cheng

Small, 2025, 21
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202410050

Selective Lithium Extraction and Recycling of High-Value Metals from Spent LiNixCoyMn1–x–yO2 Cathode Materials

Baichao Zhang, Yunlong Xu, Fangjun Zhu, Jiangnan Huang, Jinqiang Gao, Lu Yang, Bai Song, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou and Xiaobo Ji

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2023, 62, 13988
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c01959

Recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate battery cathode materials: A review

Guodong Wen, Shuai Yuan, Zaizheng Dong, Haoyuan Ding and Peng Gao

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 474, 143625
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143625

Recycling of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes: Challenges and Progress

Hao Yao, Yuhui Zhang, Gaoliang Yang, Lin Fu, Yuanjian Li, Liangjun Zhou, Shuo Geng, Yong Xiang and Zhi Wei Seh

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 67087
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09359

Crystallization process of FePO4 from acid solution and its application in spent LiFePO4 cathode powder recycling

Xiao-jian Wang, Ying Zhang, Shi-li Zheng, Yang Zhang, Shan Qiao and Zhi-qi Long

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 362, 131678
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131678

New insights on designing the next-generation materials for electrochemical synthesis of reactive oxidative species towards efficient and scalable water treatment: A review and perspectives

Amir Taqieddin, Stephanie Sarrouf, Muhammad Fahad Ehsan and Akram N. Alshawabkeh

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023, 11, 111384
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.111384

Topological Defects in Carbon Matrix are Efficiently Constructed by Joule Thermal Shock for Catalyzing the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes

Bin Wang, Shizhen Dong, Guoan Xie, Yanling Yu, Nuoxin Wang, Huakun Liu, Xian Jian, Jinyang Li, Zuowan Zhou and Jianhui Qiu

Advanced Science, 2026, 13
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202520422

The priority leaching of lithium from spent LiFePO4 cathode without the oxidization

Jiawei Du, Jialin Qing, Kaiyuan Fang, Guiqing Zhang, Zuoying Cao, Qinggang Li, Mingyu Wang, Wenjuan Guan and Shengxi Wu

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2024, 202, 107374
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107374

Two targets, one strike: Efficient recovery of lithium and simultaneous removal of impurities from spent LFP batteries via ferric ions assisted air oxidation method

Mengyu Lin, Jialiang Zhang, Chengjun Xu, Yongqiang Chen and Chengyan Wang

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 355, 129558
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129558

Recycling Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate via Contact‐Electro‐Catalysis

Baofeng Zhang, Xiangyu Hu, Ruolin Zhang, Jing Wang, Xinyuan Li, Bingfeng Huang, Mingmao Hu, Lixia He, Zhihao Zhao, Linglin Zhou, Jie Wang and Zhong Lin Wang

Advanced Energy Materials, 2025, 15
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202503508

Challenges and perspectives towards direct regeneration of spent LiFePO4 cathode

Xuejing Qiu, Chenyan Wang, Lingling Xie, Limin Zhu, Xiaoyu Cao and Xiaobo Ji

Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 602, 234365
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234365

Direct regeneration of spent LiFePO4 cathodes based on broaden of Li+ compensation channels by argon plasma ball milling

Yuyun Li, Qingfeng Liu, Wanquan Yu, Chenchen Li, Zitong Fei, Qi Meng and Peng Dong

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 370, 133059
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133059

Closed-loop regeneration of degraded lithium iron phosphate: Low-energy and high-value recovery via reduction-lattice reconstruction strategy

Yinhe Liao, Zhikang Chai, Shaoyang Zhang, Yingming Zhang, Lei Wang, Xuejing Qiu, Qing Han, Lingling Xie, Limin Zhu and Xiaoyu Cao

Materials Today Chemistry, 2025, 49, 103075
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2025.103075

Redox‐Mediated Lithium Recovery From Spent LiFePO4 Stabilizes Ferricyanide Catholyte for Durable Zinc‐Ferricyanide Flow Batteries

Junqiang Wang, Zhexuan Liu, Zhizhao Xu, Mei Ding, Bo Lu, Chuankun Jia and Guangmin Zhou

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202503109

The Prilling and Cocoating Collaborative Strategy to Construct High Performance of Regeneration LiFePO4 Materials

Xiangnan Li, Mingyang Wang, Qibin Zhou, Ming Ge, Mengdan Zhang, Wenfeng Liu, Zhenpu Shi, Hongyun Yue, Huishuang Zhang, Yanhong Yin and Shu-Ting Yang

ACS Materials Lett., 2024, 6, 640
DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01161

Recycling Spent LiFePO4 Batteries for Fabricating LiI·3H2O and Li2CO3 via Iodine Targeted and Mild Redox

Ying Zhu, Ke Wang and Ke Wang

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202527711

Optimized extraction of mesoporous nanocomposites from spent Li-ion batteries and their use to construct high-performance supercapacitor devices with ultra-high stability

Y.I. Mesbah, N. Ahmed, M.M. Hasan and N.K. Allam

Materials Today Chemistry, 2023, 30, 101521
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101521

Direct regeneration of cathode materials in spent lithium-ion batteries toward closed-loop recycling and sustainability

Baichao Zhang, Yunlong Xu, Debbie S. Silvester, Craig E. Banks, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou and Xiaobo Ji

Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 589, 233728
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233728

Continuous Flow Electrochemical Synthesis of Olivine‐Structured NaFePO4 Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries from Recycle LiFePO4

Tongtong Gan, Jiashu Yuan, Fang Chen, Guodong Zhang, Laihao Liu, Li Zhou, Yunfang Gao and Yonggao Xia

Small, 2024, 20
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401489

A facile new process for the efficient conversion of spent LiFePO4 batteries via (NH4)2S2O8-assisted mechanochemical activation coupled with water leaching

Gongqi Liu, Zejian Liu, Jing Gu, Haoran Yuan, Yufeng Wu and Yong Chen

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 471, 144265
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144265

“S-LFP battery lithium element recovery and systematic thinking” based on the 5 W + 1H model

Xingyong Han, Changlong Fang, Yan Xi, Wansheng Zhang, Zhun Ma and Yun Fa

Separation and Purification Technology, 2026, 382, 135774
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135774

Tuning bimetallic sites in phthalocyanine-based π-d conjugated metal-organic framework cathode for wide-temperature (-20∼60 °C) potassium-organic batteries

Linqi Cheng, Jie Yu, Xupeng Zhang, Dongxue Lv and Heng-Guo Wang

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 111601
DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111601

Achieving Low-Temperature Aqueous Relithiation for Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate via Hydroxylamine Mediation

Xuejing Qiu, Peixiang Gao, Huan Wang, Leiyuan Lu, Pengbo Zhou, Lei Wang, Qing Han, Lingling Xie, Limin Zhu and Xiaoyu Cao

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2026, 14, 2457
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c10969

Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by complexation-assisted ammonia leaching from reductive roasting residue

Fanyun Su, Xiangyang Zhou, Xiaojian Liu, Juan Yang, Jingjing Tang, Wan Yang, Zhenxiao Li, Hui Wang, Yaguang Zhang and Yayun Ma

Chemosphere, 2023, 312, 137230
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137230

The Factors Influencing Lithium Carbonate Crystallization in Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Leachate

Kaihua Gu, Wenhui Feng, Hongyuan Wei and Leping Dang

Processes, 2024, 12, 753
DOI: 10.3390/pr12040753

Hydrometallurgical recycling technologies for spent LiFePO4 batteries: Recent advances and challenges

Chongqing Nong, Haoran Yuan, Zejian Liu, Hui Liu, Jingkun Han, Jing Gu and Yong Chen

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2026, 231, 116725
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2026.116725

Study on deep synergistic leaching mechanism of spent lithium iron phosphate under the H2SO4-H2O2 system and precise chemical precipitation recovery strategy of lithium carbonate

Jun Cong, Shao-hua Luo, Qi Sun, Xin Liu, Yi-Kai Wang, Sheng-xue Yan and Peng-wei Li

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 363, 132326
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132326

Regeneration Strategies of Spent LiFePO4 Batteries: Dual Routes of Decomposition and Repair Dominated by Degradation Mechanism, and Prospects

Xiao Li, Zihao Wang, Jingyu Li, Hengyu Zhou, Fei Wang, Hanbin Wang, Jun Zhang, Chuanyu Bie and Houzhao Wan

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.74723

Advanced Solid-State Electrolysis for Green and Efficient Spent LiFePO4 Cathode Material Recycling: Prototype Reactor Tests

Zixuan Wang, Ye Huang, Xi Wang, Dandan Wu and Xu Wu

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2022, 61, 12318
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02266

Advances and perspectives towards spent LiFePO4 battery recycling

Yunlong Xu, Baichao Zhang, Zhaofei Ge, Shu Zhang, Bai Song, Ye Tian, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou and Xiaobo Ji

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 434, 140077
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140077

Comprehensive Technology for Recycling and Regenerating Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

Shuya Lei, Wei Sun and Yue Yang

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2024, 58, 3609
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08585

High-efficiency comprehensive recovery of the lithium extraction slag via a simple alkali roasting-water leaching method

Qiankun Jing, Ziheng Liu, Xin Zhao, Haoran Zhang, Chao Han and Jiwen Li

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 362, 131804
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131804

Closed-Loop Recycling of Spent LiNixCoyMn1–x–yO2 Batteries Based on Liquid-Phase Reduction-Driven Delithiation Conversion

Baichao Zhang, Lu Yang, Fangjun Zhu, Xinyu Hu, Chuanyong Niu, Hanrui Ding, Shuo Chen, Ningyun Hong, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou and Xiaobo Ji

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 41946
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c07151

Recycling of spent lithium-iron phosphate batteries: toward closing the loop

Srishti Kumawat, Dalip Singh and Ajay Saini

Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2023, 38, 135
DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2022.2136387

Direct Upcycling of Leached FePO4 from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries toward Gradient‐Doped LiMnxFe1−xPO4 Cathode Material

Jian Zhou, Chunxian Xing, Jiawei Huang, Yucheng Zhang, Guowei Li, Long Chen, Shuqiang Tao, Zhuoli Yang, Guangren Wang and Linfeng Fei

Advanced Energy Materials, 2024, 14
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202302761

Kinetic optimization in green metal recovery: Citric acid vs glycine for sustainable Li-ion battery recycling

Yanhao Zhang, Yuchen Wang, Zile Han, Meiying Jin, Xinqi Li, Yi Li, Xianghui Kong, Zhibin Zhang and Xu Zhang

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2025, 302, 118746
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118746

The recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries: A review on current progresses and technologies from an industrial utilization perspective

Jiawei Du, Guiqing Zhang, Jialin Qing, Kaiyuan Fang, Zuoying Cao, Qinggang Li, Mingyu Wang, Wenjuan Guan, Xinsheng Wu and Shengxi Wu

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2026, 542, 147582
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147582

Ex-ante life cycle evaluation of spent lithium-ion battery recovery: Modeling of complex environmental and economic impacts

Jiefeng Xiao, Jiaqi Lu, Bo Niu, Xiaohua Liu, Junming Hong and Zhenming Xu

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 2025, 23, 100490
DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100490

Highly selective and green recovery of lithium ions from lithium iron phosphate powders with ozone

Ruiqi Li, Kang Li, Wei Wang, Fan Zhang, Shichao Tian, Zhongqi Ren and Zhiyong Zhou

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17, 749
DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2261-0

Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Li2CO3 from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Oxidation and Selective Leaching Process

Ying Zheng, Zhe Yang, Zhaoyang Li, Guang Hu, Sha Liang, Wenbo Yu, Shushan Yuan, Huabo Duan, Liang Huang, Jingping Hu, Huijie Hou and Jiakuan Yang

ACS EST Eng., 2024, 4, 1927
DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.4c00134

Tribocatalytic recycling of lithium-ion batteries

Zuheng Jin, Bing Su, Sha Wu, Chuan Jiang, Liupan Tang, Changzheng Hu, Laijun Liu, Liang Fang, Xin Tang, Ying Tang and Zhenxiang Cheng

Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2025, 14, 9221121
DOI: 10.26599/JAC.2025.9221121

Advancing Upcycling and Regeneration of Spent LiFePO4: Failure Mechanisms and Recovery Strategies

Yi Wang, Xue Liu, Wen Luo, Rui Xu, Ze Wang, Jean‐Jacques Gaumet and Liqiang Mai

Carbon Energy, 2026
DOI: 10.1002/cey2.70198

Recycling waste LiCoO2 by chelating cobalt ions and lithium ions with trimesic acid and resynthesized

Qian Liang, Yan Shan and Xianhua Hou

Surfaces and Interfaces, 2022, 35, 102424
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102424

Redox‐Mediated Lithium Recovery From Spent LiFePO4 Stabilizes Ferricyanide Catholyte for Durable Zinc‐Ferricyanide Flow Batteries

Junqiang Wang, Zhexuan Liu, Zhizhao Xu, Mei Ding, Bo Lu, Chuankun Jia and Guangmin Zhou

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202503109

Towards preferential lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries: phase transition mechanisms, technical innovation and future perspectives

Mengyu Lin, Yongqiang Chen, Chengyan Wang, Shengming Xu and Jialiang Zhang

Progress in Materials Science, 2026, 156, 101557
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101557

Potential‐Regulated Design for Direct Recycling of Degraded LiFePO4 Cathode

Xuejing Qiu, Chenyan Wang, Yuxiang Chen, Zhimin Du, Lingling Xie, Qing Han, Limin Zhu, Xiaoyu Cao and Xiaobo Ji

Small, 2024, 20
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402278

Fluoride ion-mediated differential coordination separation of Al (III) and Fe (III) for regeneration of low-aluminum, high-purity battery-grade iron phosphate

Fei Han, Yaohui Xie, Lin Qu, Zhenzhou Wang, Wei Zhang, Guang Yang, Huiqin Hu, Meiting Huang, Haoxuan Yu, Liming Yang and Xubiao Luo

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2025, 221, 108404
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108404

Ultra-fast mechanochemistry reaction process: An environmentally friendly instant recycling method for spent LiFePO4 batteries

Zejian Liu, Gongqi Liu, Leilei Cheng, Jing Gu, Jialiang Yang, Haoran Yuan, Yong Chen and Yufeng Wu

Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 335, 126174
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.126174

For elements-utilization regeneration of spent LiFePO4: Designed basic precursors for advanced polycrystal electrode materials

Shuya Lei, Wenqing Zhao, Jiexiang Li, Shaole Song, Wei Sun, Peng Ge and Yue Yang

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 74, 103863
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103863

High Electrochemical Performance Recycling Spent LiFePO4 Materials through the Preoxidation Regeneration Strategy

Xiangnan Li, Qibin Zhou, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Ming Ge, Huishuang Zhang, Yanhong Yin and Shu-Ting Yang

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2023, 11, 14457
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03232

Sustainable and efficient strategies for recovering spent LiFePO4-based lithium-ion batteries

Aolei Gao, Henghui Zhu, Xinran Wang, Xin Feng, Ran Zhao, Ruiqi Guo, Feng Wu, Ying Bai and Chuan Wu

Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation, 2026, 5, 100370
DOI: 10.1016/j.geits.2025.100370

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries through ozone-chemistry

Lu Yuan, Wan Shang, Tingting Min, Ji Xiao, Binod Mahara and Xiangping Chen

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2026, 704, 139313
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.139313

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Complexation-Assisted Ammonia Leaching from Reductive Roasting Residue

Fanyun Su, Xiangyang Zhou, Xiaojian Liu, Juan Yang, Jingjing Tang, Wan Yang, Zhenxiao Li, Hui Wang, Yaguang Zhang and Yayun Ma

SSRN Journal, 2022
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4196427

LiEuTiO4 as a promising anode material for a safe 4 V lithium-ion battery

Suwanda Arachchige Don Rumesh MADHUSANKA, Boyu WANG, Shunchao MA and Hongyu WANG

Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2023, 51, 100252
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2023.100252

Recent progress and perspective of cathode recycling technology for spent LiFePO4 batteries

Shao-hua Luo, Yikai Wang, Qiuyue Liu, Pengwei Li, Zihan Wang, Shengxue Yan and Fei Teng

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2024, 133, 65
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.12.013

Recovery of metal ions in lithium iron phosphate powder and lithium nickel-cobalt-manganate powder by electrochemical oxidation

Fangke Yu, Xiaochun Xu and Yueping Guo

Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 344, 127134
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127134

Journey of olivine materials from classic to state-of-the-art technologies for next-generation batteries

Huazhen Liu, Fumiyasu Nozaki, Jinkwang Hwang and Kazuhiko Matsumoto

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 630, 236172
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236172

Coupling the recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries and the treatment of phenol wastewater: A “treating waste with waste” strategy

Siyuan Luo, Xuhui Zhu, Mengqi Gong, Ran Mo and Shun Yang

Chemosphere, 2023, 341, 140018
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140018

Environmental impact and economic assessment of recycling lithium iron phosphate battery cathodes: Comparison of major processes in China

Xi Tian, Qingyuan Ma, Jinliang Xie, Ziqian Xia and Yaobin Liu

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2024, 203, 107449
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107449

Direct regeneration of LiFePO4 cathode by inherent impurities in spent lithium-ion batteries

Meiting Huang, Zhihao Wang, Haitao Yang, Liming Yang, Kechun Chen, Haoxuan Yu, Chenxi Xu, Yingying Guo, Penghui Shao, Liang Chen and Xubiao Luo

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 679, 586
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.022

Selective lithium extraction and regeneration of LiCoO2 cathode materials from the spent lithium-ion battery

Baichao Zhang, Yunlong Xu, Brian Makuza, Fangjun Zhu, Haoji Wang, Ningyun Hong, Zhen Long, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou and Xiaobo Ji

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 452, 139258
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.139258

High-efficiency leaching process for selective leaching of lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate

Guidong Li, Ye Chen, Mingkun Wu, Yuzhi Xu, Xiang Li and Mengkui Tian

Waste Management, 2024, 190, 141
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.017

Unexpected self-driven enhanced leaching mechanism of cathodes and anodes from end-of-life lithium-ion battery

Ting He, Penglin Wang, Shiyu Zhou, Jiao Kong, Shuai Gu and Jianguo Yu

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 353, 128363
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128363

Coupling redox flow desalination with lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries

Wei Shan, Yang Zi, Hedong Chen, Minzhang Li, Min Luo, Than Zaw Oo, Nyein Wint Lwin, Su Htike Aung, Danling Tang, Guangguo Ying, Fuming Chen and Yuan Chen

Water Research, 2024, 252, 121205
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121205

Tailoring crystal plane of short-process regenerated LiFePO4 towards enhanced rate properties

Shuya Lei, Jiexiang Li, Lei Hu, Dongbin Qiao, Wei Sun, Peng Ge and Yue Yang

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2024, 99, 458
DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.065

Long‐Life Regenerated LiFePO4 from Spent Cathode by Elevating the d‐Band Center of Fe

Kai Jia, Jun Ma, Junxiong Wang, Zheng Liang, Guanjun Ji, Zhihong Piao, Runhua Gao, Yanfei Zhu, Zhaofeng Zhuang, Guangmin Zhou and Hui‐Ming Cheng

Advanced Materials, 2023, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208034

Self-activation of Ferro-chemistry based advanced oxidation process towards in-situ recycling of spent LiFePO4 batteries

Xiangping Chen, Lu Yuan, Shuxuan Yan and Xin Ma

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 471, 144343
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144343

Ambient-temperature aqueous electrochemical route for direct Re-functionalization of spent LFP cathodes of lithium-ion batteries

François Larouche, Kamyab Amouzegar, Ashok Vijh and George P. Demopoulos

Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 624, 235533
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235533

A mild closed-loop process for lithium–iron separation and cathode materials regeneration from spent LiFePO4 batteries

HuiXiang Zhou, ZhongYan Luo, Shuai Wang, Xin Ma and Zhanfang Cao

Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 315, 123742
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123742

Sustainable transformation of spent LiFePO4 cathodes into high-voltage olivine LiMnxFe1-xPO4 via solvothermal upcycling strategy for next-generation cathode material

Cheng Cheng, Wei Mao, Xuan Cao, Kaijun Xu and Shaochun Tang

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 80, 104402
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104402

Pre-extraction of Li from spent lithium-ion batteries through an Ethanol-Water vapor thermal reduction approach

Xin Qu, Fengyin Zhou, Danfeng Wang, Yuqi Cai, JingJing Zhao, Jianye Ma, Shuaibo Gao, Dihua Wang and Huayi Yin

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 482, 148608
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.148608

From Waste to Wealth: Novel Approach for Recovery of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Biological Waste

Kunhong Gu, Weiyi Xia, Jiang Zhou, Wenqing Qin and Junwei Han

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2023, 11, 13606
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03075

Boosting the performance enhancement of short-process regenerated Ni-rich cathode via antimony doping and modification

Junhan Pu, Zixuan Huang, Caiyun Wu, Shaoqing Liu, Shiqi Liu, Xue Liu, Lei You, Qin Wang, Ying Zheng, Rong Zeng and Jianwen Liu

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 67, 103304
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103304

Recovery of LiFePO4 cathodes: Criticalities and prospect towards a long-term eco-friendly solution

B. Visone, O. Senneca, P.P. Prosini and B. Apicella

Journal of Power Sources Advances, 2025, 31, 100168
DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100168

Upcycling of Low‐Value Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium‐Ion Battery to High‐Voltage Cathode with Ultrahigh Rate Capability and Reversibility

Shuya Lei, Jiexiang Li, Wei Sun, Peng Ge and Yue Yang

Advanced Energy Materials, 2025, 15
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202406064

Endogenous advanced oxidation process with peracetic acid for recycling spent LiFePO4 batteries

Huixiang Zhou, Qian Hu, Liqing Li, Xin Ma and Zhanfang Cao

Chemical Engineering Science, 2024, 295, 120202
DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2024.120202

Oriented conversion of spent LiCoO2-lithium battery cathode materials to high-value products via thermochemical reduction with common ammonium oxalate

Chunli Liu, Pengfei Liu, Haiqing Xu, Guisheng Zeng, Xubiao Luo, Zhongbing Wang, Liming Yang, Chunjian Deng and Junwei He

Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2023, 190, 106782
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106782

Research progress on recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries

Hao Zhang, Jianwei Wang, Haifeng Wang, Zhuyan Ge, Weining Xie, Ruoxi Zhao, Juan Hao, Guangwen Zhang and Yaqun He

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2025, 201, 107512
DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.107512

Sustainable closed-loop recycling of spent LiFePO4 cathode materials: technological advances, environmental-economic assessment, and future perspectives

Changjiang Li, Yuyun Li, Fanbin Hu, Haigang Dong, Chenchen Li, Yubo Xing, Qi Meng and Peng Dong

Separation and Purification Technology, 2026, 382, 135717
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135717

Recycling and reuse of lithium iron phosphate battery multi-component and sustainability assessment: A review

Fu-ping Wang, Meng-Yu Zhai, Bin Li, Jiang-Hao Ding, Xiao-Fei Yin and Yu-Feng Wu

iScience, 2026, 29, 114472
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114472

The regeneration process of FePO4 in electrochemical lithium extraction: The role of alkali ions

Jinghui Li, Wenlei Fan, Wei Qin, Chi Ma, Linxue Yan, Yafei Guo, Murodjon Samadiy, Umarbek Alimov and Tianlong Deng

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 493, 152476
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.152476

Waste plastics upcycled for high-efficiency H2O2 production and lithium recovery via Ni-Co/carbon nanotubes composites

Baolong Qiu, Mengjie Liu, Xin Qu, Fengying Zhou, Hongwei Xie, Dihua Wang, Lawrence Yoon Suk Lee and Huayi Yin

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50679-1

H2-rich syngas production through separator pyrolysis over LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 pre-catalysts derived from spent lithium-ion batteries

Yan Ma, Ningbo Gao, Cui Quan and Miskolczi Norbert

Waste Management, 2026, 211, 115268
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115268

Regenerated spent LiFePO4 with tailored residual copper-atoms towards improved energy-storage capacity and reversibility

Zihao Zeng, Hai Lei, Jiexiang Li, Bing Wang, Shuya Lei, Xiaobo Ji, Wei Sun, Yue Yang and Peng Ge

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 499, 155616
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155616

Ambient-pressure relithiation of spent LiFePO4 using alkaline solutions enables direct regeneration of lithium-ion battery cathodes

Xuejing Qiu, Chenyan Wang, Yongzhi Liu, Qing Han, Lingling Xie, Limin Zhu and Xiaoyu Cao

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 105, 114721
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.114721

Oxidation pressure leaching of lithium iron phosphate: Kinetic aspects, leaching mechanism, and the behavior of lithium and iron

Shuai Rao, Tian Zhang, Deyou Wu, Wei Li, Zhiyuan Ma, Dongxing Wang, Wei Zhu and Zhiqiang Liu

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 115658
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.115658

Regeneration of LiFePO4 from Spent Materials: Control and Influence of Al Impurity

Shaole Song, Runqing Liu, Jiexiang Li, Wei Sun and Yue Yang

ChemSusChem, 2025, 18
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401432

Bioleaching of valuable metals from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries using food-grade Lactobacillus acidophilus

Qiuli Xia, Danni Zhang, Zhong Li, Chuanwei Yang, Pan Liu, Hong Wang, Yuting Jin, Min Li, Jia Dong, Xianjun Guan, Linlin Tong, Yongqiang Fan, Tingyue Gu, Fuhui Wang and Dake Xu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 521, 166799
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166799

Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Yachao Jin, Tong Zhang and Mingdao Zhang

Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202201526

Direct recovery of degraded LiFePO4 cathode via mild chemical relithiation strategy

Yunlong Xu, Baichao Zhang, Zhaofei Ge, Haoji Wang, Ningyun Hong, Xiangting Xiao, Bai Song, Yangyang Zhang, Ye Tian, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou and Xiaobo Ji

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 477, 147201
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.147201

Density functional theory in Li-ion battery electrodes: Bridging atomic structure and performance optimization

Hong Shen, Zhao Li, Yu Shang, Lei Wang, Hao Jiang and Shubin Lei

Materials Today Communications, 2025, 48, 113326
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.113326

A green recyclable process for selective recovery of Li and Fe from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries by synergistic effect of deep eutectic solvent and oxygen

Yaozhi Zhang, Bingru Wang, Fang Wang, Yasen Dai, Shuhang Ren, Yucui Hou and Weize Wu

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 354, 128764
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128764

Geochemistry‐Driven Recovery of Li and Fe From Spent LiFePO4 Cathodes via Stabilized Phosphorus Mineralization

Guangli Liu, Fanyun Su, Yanxi Chen, Yayun Ma, Juan Yang, Zhenglong Xu, Jingjing Tang and Xiangyang Zhou

EcoEnergy, 2026, 4
DOI: 10.1002/ece2.70038

Separation and Recovery of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries for Sustainability: A Comprehensive Review

Silong Liu, Qun Li, Chenyang Lu, Luxi Tan, Dong Xia, Lichun Dong and Cailong Zhou

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2024, 63, 13945
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c01742

Efficient separation of Fe and Li from spent LiFePO4 materials and preparation of high-performance P-C/FeS anode material by cation exchange resin

Shenglong Yang, Ying Shi, Qingyu Li, Kui Liu, Hongqiang Wang, Qichang Pan, Xiaohui Zhang, Guangchang Yang and Yan Su

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 476, 146554
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.146554

A contact-electro-catalytic cathode recycling method for spent lithium-ion batteries

Huifan Li, Andy Berbille, Xin Zhao, Ziming Wang, Wei Tang and Zhong Lin Wang

Nat Energy, 2023, 8, 1137
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01348-y

Study on selective recovery of lithium ions from lithium iron phosphate powder by electrochemical method

Ruiqi Li, Yongjian Li, Liping Dong, Qiang Yang, Shichao Tian, Zhongqi Ren and Zhiyong Zhou

Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 310, 123133
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123133

Large‐Scale and Homogenized Strategies of Spent LiFePO4 Recycling: Reconstruction of Targeted Lattice

Zihao Zeng, Panpan Xu, Jiexiang Li, Chenxing Yi, Wenqing Zhao, Wei Sun, Xiaobo Ji, Yue Yang and Peng Ge

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202308671

CO2-integrated closed loop for comprehensive recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Pengfei Zhu, Jiugang Hu, LiLi He, Shan Cai, Le Zhang, Hongshuai Hou, Guoqiang Zou and Xiaobo Ji

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 534, 175206
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.175206

Fast ammonium sulfate salt assisted roasting for selectively recycling degraded LiFePO4 cathode

Xin Qu, Jianye Ma, Beilei Zhang, Jingjing Zhao, Baolong Qiu, Xiang Chen, Fengyin Zhou, Xiangyun Li, Shuaibo Gao, Dihua Wang and Huayi Yin

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 435, 140428
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140428

Selective leaching of lithium from mixed spent lithium iron phosphate powder

Xiaolong Dai, Tiangui Qi, Xiaobin Li, Zhihong Peng, Guihua Liu, Qiusheng Zhou, Yilin Wang and Leiting Shen

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12, 114091
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.114091

Direct in-situ solid-phase repair of spent LiFePO4 cathode current collectors via high-temperature steam roasting

Zhili Li, Biao Luo, Hairong Zhang, Bo Chen, Haijun Guo, Hailong Li, Xuefang Chen, Lian Xiong and Xinde Chen

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2026, 14, 122117
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2026.122117