Recent advancements in ubiquitous colorimetric and fluorometric sensors for the detection of methanol

Abstract

Methanol, an aliphatic alcohol, is a widely recognized volatile organic compound (VOC) and is extensively used as a cost-effective solvent in various chemical, agricultural, and biological industries. However, the intentional adulteration of alcoholic beverages with inexpensive methanol for economic gain poses significant health hazards, including birth defects, respiratory illnesses, nervous system damage, and various chronic conditions. Prolonged exposure to methanol vapour can result in adverse effects such as eye inflammation, dizziness, headaches, insomnia, stomach problems, visual impairment, and even fatality. Notably, between 2017 and 2019, 7,104 cases of methanol intoxication and 1,888 reported fatalities were recorded in 306 registered methanol poisoning outbreaks, with over 90% of cases reported in Asia. Given the severe health risks associated with methanol, there is an urgent need for dependable detection methods to ensure public safety. One promising approach involves the use of chemosensors capable of detecting methanol through changes in fluorescence or color. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in methanol detection, categorizing sensors based on their materials, structural attributes, and detection mechanisms. In essence, the review highlights recent research progress in fluorometric and colorimetric methods for methanol detection.