Issue 9, 2024

Atmospheric emissions of Ti-containing nanoparticles from industrial activities in China

Abstract

Inhalation of exogenous Ti-containing nanoparticles (NPs) can have adverse effects on human health. However, few studies have considered industrial emissions, which contribute significantly to atmospheric levels of Ti-containing NPs. In this study, we quantified Ti-containing NP emissions in samples of fine particulate matter (particle sizes: 40–120 nm) collected from 132 full-scale industrial plants. Coal-fired power plants emitted the highest particle number concentrations of Ti-containing NPs (1.7 × 1010 particles per g), followed by solid waste incineration (7.7 × 109 particles per g) and blast furnace pig iron steelmaking (5.5 × 109 particles per g); coking plants and iron-ore sintering were also significant contributors to Ti-containing NPs emissions. Collectively, these five sources accounted for 99.9% of the annual atmospheric emissions of Ti-containing NPs from 13 industrial sectors in China (total ≈ 9.8 × 1022 particles). Moreover, these industrial emissions increased the atmospheric concentration of Ti-containing NPs by 1.7 × 107 particles per m3, therefore leading to the general population's lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of inhaled Ti-containing NPs being 2.4 × 106 particles per day per kg. The findings presented herein highlight the importance of assessing NP emissions and advancing sustainable global industrial development.

Graphical abstract: Atmospheric emissions of Ti-containing nanoparticles from industrial activities in China

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
21 Dzi 2024
Accepted
25 Maw 2024
First published
07 Mha 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2024,11, 3816-3825

Atmospheric emissions of Ti-containing nanoparticles from industrial activities in China

Q. Yang, L. Yang, C. Chen, J. Yun, C. Zhao and G. Liu, Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2024, 11, 3816 DOI: 10.1039/D4EN00347K

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