Issue 19, 2023

Profiling humoral responses to COVID-19 immunization in Kawasaki disease using SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays

Abstract

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of acute systemic vasculitis syndrome that predominantly occurs in children under the age of 5 years. Its etiology has been postulated due to not only genetic factors but also the presence of foreign antigens or infectious agents. To evaluate possible associations between Kawasaki disease (KD) and COVID-19, we investigated humoral responses of KD patients against S-protein variants with SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays. In this study, plasma from a cohort of KD (N = 90) and non-KD control (non-KD) (N = 69) subjects in categories of unvaccinated–uninfected (pre-pandemic), SARS-CoV-2 infected (10–100 days after infection), and 1-dose, 2-dose, and 3-dose BNT162b2 vaccinated (10–100 days after vaccination) was collected. The principal outcomes were non-KD–KD differences for each category in terms of anti-human/anti-His for binding antibodies and neutralizing percentage for surrogate neutralizing antibodies. Binding antibodies against spikes were lower in the KD subjects with 1-dose of BNT162b2, and mean differences were significant for the P.1 S-protein (non-KD–KD, 3401; 95% CI, 289.0 to 6512; P = 0.0252), B.1.617.2 S-protein (non-KD–KD, 4652; 95% CI, 215.8 to 9087; P = 0.0351) and B.1.617.3 S-protein (non-KD–KD, 4874; 95% CI, 31.41 to 9716; P = 0.0477). Neutralizing antibodies against spikes were higher in the KD subjects with 1-dose of BNT162b2, and mean percentage differences were significant for the 1-dose BNT162b2 B.1.617.3 S-protein (non-KD–KD, −22.89%; 95% CI, −45.08 to −0.6965; P = 0.0399), B.1.1.529 S-protein (non-KD–KD, −25.96%; 95% CI, −50.53 to −1.376; P = 0.0333), BA.2.12.1 S-protein (non-KD–KD, −27.83%; 95% CI, −52.55 to −3.115; P = 0.0195), BA.4 S-protein (non-KD–KD, −28.47%; 95% CI, −53.59 to −3.342; P = 0.0184), and BA.5 S-protein (non-KD–KD, −30.42%; 95% CI, −54.98 to −5.869; P = 0.0077). In conclusion, we have found that KD patients have a comparable immunization response to healthy individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 immunization.

Graphical abstract: Profiling humoral responses to COVID-19 immunization in Kawasaki disease using SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
19 Mud 2023
Accepted
07 Mha 2023
First published
08 Mha 2023

Analyst, 2023,148, 4698-4709

Profiling humoral responses to COVID-19 immunization in Kawasaki disease using SARS-CoV-2 variant protein microarrays

B. B. Keskin, S. Liu, P. Du, P. Tsai, T. Ho, W. Su, P. Lin, H. Shih, K. Weng, K. D. Yang, Y. Huang, K. Kuo, G. Syu and H. Kuo, Analyst, 2023, 148, 4698 DOI: 10.1039/D3AN00802A

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