Time-resolved photoelectron-diffraction imaging of methanol photodissociation involving molecular-hydrogen ejection

Abstract

Imaging ultrafast atomic and molecular hydrogen motion with femtosecond time resolution is a chal lenge for ultrafast spectroscopy due to the low mass and small scattering cross section of the moving neutral hydrogen atoms and molecules. Here, we propose time- and momentum-resolved photo electron diffraction (TMR-PED) as a way to overcome limitations of existing methodologies and illustrate its performance using a prototype molecular dissociation process involving the sequential ejection of a neutral hydrogen molecule and a proton in the methanol dication. By combining state of-the-art molecular dynamics and electron-scattering methods, we show that TMR-PED allows for direct imaging of hydrogen atoms in action. More specifically, the fingerprint of hydrogen dynamics reflects in the time evolution of polarization-averaged molecular-frame photoelectron angular distri butions (PA-MFPADs) as would be recorded in X-ray pump / X-ray probe experiments with few-fs resolution. We present the results of two precursor experiments that support the feasibility of this approach.