Advances in electrochemical energy storage with covalent organic frameworks

Vikram Singh and Hye Ryung Byon

Mater. Adv., 2021, 2, 3188
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Umpolung of a covalent organic framework for high-performance cathodic sodium ion storage

Fangyuan Kang, Yuchan Zhang, Zihao Chen, Zhaowen Bai, Qianfeng Gu, Jinglun Yang, Qi Liu, Yang Ren, Chun-Sing Lee and Qichun Zhang

Chem. Sci., 2025, 16, 7711
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Organic molecular design for high-power density sodium-ion batteries

Ying Qi, Huaping Zhao and Yong Lei

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 2375
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Hydroxide ion-conducting viologen–bakelite organic frameworks for flexible solid-state zinc–air battery applications

Deepak Rase, Rajith Illathvalappil, Himan Dev Singh, Pragalbh Shekhar, Liya S Leo, Debanjan Chakraborty, Sattwick Haldar, Ankita Shelke, Thalasseril G. Ajithkumar and Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan

Nanoscale Horiz., 2023, 8, 224
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Tuning the electrostatic energy landscape within the pores of covalent organic frameworks: post-synthetic modification reactions and structural imperfections

Egbert Zojer

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 10166
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CoSe2 nanoparticles anchored on dual 1D carbon nanotubes/N-doped carbon nanofibers as high-performance anodes for sodium-ion storage

Qilei Jiang, Xu Han, Mengling Zhang, Zheng Qin, Xianggang Huang, Yan Hou, Xueqin Cao, Jian-ping Lang and Hongwei Gu

Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 5075
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Covalent organic framework membranes for rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices: chemistry, fabrication, and future opportunities

Li-Chuan Jia, Xiquan Xiao, Yilin Zhang, Xuan Li, Zhixiang Dai, Jiawei Wu, Gan-Ji Zhong, Hongli Yang, Shengyang Zhou and Zhong-Ming Li

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 9543
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Amorphous tetrazine–triazine-functionalized covalent organic framework for adsorption and removal of dyes

Shubham Kumar, Kusum Kumari, Saurabh K. Singh, Bharat Z. Dholakiya and Ritambhara Jangir

New J. Chem., 2023, 47, 13676
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Metalated covalent organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to diverse applications

Qun Guan, Le-Le Zhou and Yu-Bin Dong

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, 51, 6307
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Covalent organic frameworks and their composites for rechargeable batteries

Yuxia Xu, Jiayue Gong, Qing Li, Xiaotian Guo, Xin Wan, Lin Xu and Huan Pang

Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 11429
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Two-dimensional conjugated N-rich covalent organic frameworks for superior sodium storage

Xiya Yang, Yucheng Jin, Baoqiu Yu, Lei Gong, Wenbo Liu, Xiaolin Liu, Xin Chen, Kang Wang and Jianzhuang Jiang

Sci. China Chem., 2022, 65, 1291
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Covalent organic frameworks as electrode materials for rechargeable metal‐ion batteries

Manman Wu and Zhen Zhou

Interdisciplinary Materials, 2023, 2, 231
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Recent progress in COF-based electrode materials for rechargeable metal-ion batteries

Shunhang Wei, Jiwei Wang, Yuzhao Li, Zebo Fang, Lei Wang and Yuxi Xu

Nano Res., 2023, 16, 6753
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Organic Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Potential Commercial Application

Hang Zhang, Yun Gao, Xiao‐Hao Liu, Zhuo Yang, Xiang‐Xi He, Li Li, Yun Qiao, Wei‐Hua Chen, Rong‐Hua Zeng, Yong Wang and Shu‐Lei Chou

Adv Funct Materials, 2022, 32
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p/n‐Type Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Cathodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Swati Jindal, Zhengnan Tian, Arijit Mallick, Sharath Kandambeth, Chen Liu, Prashant M. Bhatt, Xixiang Zhang, Osama Shekhah, Husam N. Alshareef and Mohamed Eddaoudi

Small, 2025, 21
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Covalent Organic Frameworks: Their Composites and Derivatives for Rechargeable Metal-Ion Batteries

Bowen Sun, Zixu Sun, Yi Yang, Xiang Long Huang, Seong Chan Jun, Chongchong Zhao, Jiaojiao Xue, Shude Liu, Hua Kun Liu and Shi Xue Dou

ACS Nano, 2024, 18, 28
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Improving the response of 2D COFs to the surface doping strategies through rational design of their chemical structure

Xin Feng, Xuefeng Liang, Xinxia Li, Zhou Fang, Weiqiang Wei, Lisheng Zhang, Yan He and Huifang Li

Sci. China Mater., 2024, 67, 3272
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A review of covalent organic framework electrode materials for rechargeable metal-ion batteries

Shu-mao Zeng, Xiao-xiong Huang, Ying-jie Ma and Lin-jie Zhi

New Carbon Materials, 2021, 36, 1
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Porous Dithiine-Linked Covalent Organic Framework as a Dynamic Platform for Covalent Polysulfide Anchoring in Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathodes

Sattwick Haldar, Mingchao Wang, Preeti Bhauriyal, Arpan Hazra, Arafat H. Khan, Volodymyr Bon, Mark A. Isaacs, Ankita De, Leonid Shupletsov, Tom Boenke, Julia Grothe, Thomas Heine, Eike Brunner, Xinliang Feng, Renhao Dong, Andreas Schneemann and Stefan Kaskel

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144, 9101
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Covalent Organic Frameworks as Emerging Battery Materials

Zhiqiang Wang, Jing Hu and Zhouguang Lu

Batteries & Supercaps, 2023, 6
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Multiple Redox‐Active Centers in An Azatriangulenetrione‐Based Covalent Organic Framework for High‐Capacity, High‐Rate and Ultra‐Stable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Fangyuan Kang, Lei Yan, Zihao Chen, Yuchan Zhang, Qianfeng Gu, Jinglun Yang, Shen Xu, Xiang Wang, Chun‐Sing Lee, Yonggang Wang and Qichun Zhang

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
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Search for New Anode Materials for High Performance Li-Ion Batteries

Kingshuk Roy, Abhik Banerjee and Satishchandra Ogale

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 20326
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Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework with Synergistic Active Centers for Efficient Electrochemical Sodium Storage

Meng Zhang, Yifan Tong, Zhaopeng Sun, Jiawen Wang, Yilin Lin, Fangyuan Kang, Qichun Zhang and Weiwei Huang

Chem. Mater., 2023, 35, 4873
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Covalent Organic Nanosheets with a Tunable Electronic Structure to Achieve Unprecedented Stability and High‐Performance in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Minseop Lee, Nakyeong Lee, Gumin Kwon, Jae‐Min Oh, Jin Kuen Park and Seung‐Min Paek

Small, 2025
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Advanced covalent-organic framework materials for sodium-ion battery

Hanchen Ye, Cheng Zhang, Yang Li, Wenjie Zhang, Kun Zhang, Bingzhong Li, Wenchao Hua, Kuaibing Wang and Kaihua Xu

Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 2023, 33, 754
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Electrostatically Designing Materials and Interfaces

Egbert Zojer

Advanced Materials, 2024
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A Dithiin‐Linked Covalent Organic Polymer for Ultrahigh Capacity Half‐Cell and Symmetric Full‐Cell Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Shen Xu, Chenchen Wang, Tianyi Song, Huiying Yao, Jie Yang, Xin Wang, Jia Zhu, Chun‐Sing Lee and Qichun Zhang

Advanced Science, 2023, 10
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Application of New COF Materials in Secondary Battery Anode Materials

Miao Jia, Lixin Zhang and Qiong Yuan

Molecules, 2023, 28, 5953
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Tetrazine-based metal-organic frameworks

Hongfei Jiang, Qiuyu Gong, Renshuai Zhang and Hongye Yuan

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2024, 499, 215501
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Effective Fermi-Level Modulation of Two-Dimensional Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks Achieved by Introducing p-Type Organic Dopants

Huifang Li, Weikun Chen, Xuefeng Liang, Xinyuan Tang, Yongze Zhao, Zehua Huang, Yan He and Zhiming Liu

Macromolecules, 2023, 56, 4513
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Hybridization of Layered Titanium Oxides and Covalent Organic Nanosheets into Hollow Spheres for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries with Boosted Electrical/Ionic Conductivity and Ultralong Cycle Life

Minseop Lee, Min-Sung Kim, Jae-Min Oh, Jin Kuen Park and Seung-Min Paek

ACS Nano, 2023, 17, 3019
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Extra Sodiation Sites in Hard Carbon for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries

Qingmeng Gan, Ning Qin, Shuai Gu, Zhenyu Wang, Zhiqiang Li, Kemeng Liao, Kaili Zhang, Li Lu, Zhenghe Xu and Zhouguang Lu

Small Methods, 2021, 5
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Covalent Organic Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

Eric R. Wolfson, Erica M. Moscarello, William K. Haug and Psaras L. McGrier

Organic Materials, 2021, 03, 067
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Advances in sodium all-solid-state batteries: Insights into sulfide solid electrolytes and their applications

Celastin Bebina Thairiyarayar, Ting-Fong Huang, Jeng-Kuei Chang, Ju Li, Soorathep Kheawhom and Wei-Ren Liu

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2025, 106110
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Electrostatic Design of the Nanoscale Internal Surfaces of Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks

Egbert Zojer

Nano Lett., 2023, 23, 3558
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Dopant-Free Main Group Elements Supported Covalent Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Conducting Polymer for Sodium-Ion Battery Application

Seenuvasan Vedachalam, Pandiaraj Sekar, Chandrasekaran Nithya, Nithya Murugesh and Ramasamy Karvembu

ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2022, 5, 557
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Synthesis strategies of covalent organic frameworks: An overview from nonconventional heating methods and reaction media

Jing Xiao, Jia Chen, Juewen Liu, Hirotaka Ihara and Hongdeng Qiu

Green Energy & Environment, 2023, 8, 1596
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Recent Progress on Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries

Zefeng Xu, Laurent Ruhlmann, Yaokang Lv, Lihua Gan and Mingxian Liu

ChemNanoMat, 2024, 10
DOI: 10.1002/cnma.202300615

Tuning the Properties of Metal‐Organic Cages through Platinum Nanoparticle Encapsulation

Hua‐Tian Shi, Shi‐Ting Luo, Hui‐Rong Ma, Weibin Yu and Xianwen Wei

ChemistrySelect, 2022, 7
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π-Conjugated electrochemically stable covalent quinazoline network for lithium ion storage

Fang Fang, Zhi-Ting Gong, Li-Feng Yao, Wen Pu, Yu-Qing Cai, Qi-Ling Li, Jian-Jun Liu and Shu-Biao Xia

Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 67, 107521
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Portable and on-site electrochemical sensor based on surface molecularly imprinted magnetic covalent organic framework for the rapid detection of tetracycline in food

Yukun Yang, Zhuo Shi, Xiaomin Wang, Baoqing Bai, Shu Qin, Jindong Li, Xu Jing, Yu Tian and Guozhen Fang

Food Chemistry, 2022, 395, 133532
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Comprehensive review of Sodium-Ion Batteries: Principles, Materials, Performance, Challenges, and future Perspectives

Peeyush Phogat, Subhadeepa Dey and Meher Wan

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2025, 312, 117870
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Covalent Trapping of Cyclic-Polysulfides in Perfluorinated Vinylene-Linked Frameworks for Designing Lithium-Organosulfide Batteries

Sattwick Haldar, Albrecht L. Waentig, Anthony R. Ramuglia, Preeti Bhauriyal, Arafat H. Khan, Dominik L. Pastoetter, Mark A. Isaacs, Ankita De, Eike Brunner, Mingchao Wang, Thomas Heine, Inez M. Weidinger, Xinliang Feng, Andreas Schneemann and Stefan Kaskel

ACS Energy Lett., 2023, 8, 5098
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Schiff‐bases for sustainable battery and supercapacitor electrodes

Erik Troschke, Martin Oschatz and Ivan K. Ilic

Exploration, 2021, 1
DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20210128

Semiconducting Covalent Organic Frameworks

Donglin Jiang, Vincent Guan Wu Tan, Yifan Gong, Haipei Shao, Xinyu Mu, Zhangliang Luo and Shuyue He

Chem. Rev., 2025, 125, 6203
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Incorporating Conducting Polypyrrole into a Polyimide COF for Carbon‐Free Ultra‐High Energy Supercapacitor

Sattwick Haldar, Deepak Rase, Pragalbh Shekhar, Chitvan Jain, Chathakudath Prabhakaran Vinod, En Zhang, Leonid Shupletsov, Stefan Kaskel and Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan

Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12
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Covalent Organic Frameworks as Model Materials for Fundamental and Mechanistic Understanding of Organic Battery Design Principles

Sattwick Haldar, Andreas Schneemann and Stefan Kaskel

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 13494
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Designs and applications of multi-functional covalent organic frameworks in rechargeable batteries

Yongkang An, Shuangshuang Tan, Yu Liu, Kai Zhu, Lei Hu, Yaoguang Rong and Qinyou An

Energy Storage Materials, 2021, 41, 354
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Challenges and perspectives of covalent organic frameworks for advanced alkali-metal ion batteries

Jingyi Xu, Yifan Xu, Chenling Lai, Tingting Xia, Beining Zhang and Xiaosi Zhou

Sci. China Chem., 2021, 64, 1267
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Structure–performance correlation guided applications of covalent organic frameworks

Hou Wang, Yi Yang, Xingzhong Yuan, Wei Liang Teo, Yan Wu, Lin Tang and Yanli Zhao

Materials Today, 2022, 53, 106
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Constructing Structural Isomers to Reveal and Enhance Lithium Storage in a Conducting Polymer

Huichao Dai, Yuan Chen, Yanbo Gao, Lei Gong, Kun Fan, Jincheng Zou, Xiaobo Wang, Chenyang Zhang, Manli Fu, Guoqun Zhang, Yueyue Cao and Chengliang Wang

Advanced Energy Materials, 2024, 14
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First-principles study of sodium adsorption and diffusion on vacancies, N, S, and NS-codoped graphene

Hongming Zhang, Ying Song, Yang Liu, Jiupeng Zhao and Yao Li

Materials Today Communications, 2022, 32, 103817
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103817

Two‐Dimensional Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanosheet Electrodes for Enhanced Electrical Conductivity toward Stable and High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Minseop Lee, Min‐Sung Kim, Jae‐Min Oh, Jin Kuen Park and Seung‐Min Paek

ChemSusChem, 2021, 14, 3244
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Recent Advances and Perspectives of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Alkali-Ion Batteries

Tao Yang, Xijun Xu, Yan Yang, Weizhen Fan, Yanxue Wu, Shaomin Ji, Jingwei Zhao, Jun Liu and Yanping Huo

Energy Mater Adv, 2024, 5
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Novel covalent organic framework/carbon nanotube composites with multiple redox-active sites for high-performance Na storage

Wenyong Yuan, Junying Weng, Minghui Ding, Hui-Mei Jiang, Zhiguo Fan, Zhongjun Zhao, Pengju Zhang, Li-Ping Xu and Pengfei Zhou

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 65, 103142
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Covalent Organic Framework Impregnated with Silver and Copper Nanoparticles: An Advanced Approach for Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater

Shubham Kumar, Bharatkumar Z. Dholakiya and Ritambhara Jangir

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 1553
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Outstanding Lithium Storage Performance of a Copper‐Coordinated Metal‐Covalent Organic Framework as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Derong Luo, Huizi Zhao, Feng Liu, Hai Xu, Xiaoyu Dong, Bing Ding, Hui Dou and Xiaogang Zhang

Energy & Environ Materials, 2024, 7
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Covalent Organic Framework for Rechargeable Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties of Ionic Conduction

Yu Cao, Meidi Wang, Hongjian Wang, Chengyu Han, Fusheng Pan and Jie Sun

Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12
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Covalent organic frameworks: From materials design to electrochemical energy storage applications

Jiamin Lin, Yiren Zhong, Lingyu Tang, Liuqi Wang, Mei Yang and Hui Xia

Nano Select, 2022, 3, 320
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Covalent Organic Frameworks for Batteries

Dongyang Zhu, Guiyin Xu, Morgan Barnes, Yilin Li, Chia‐Ping Tseng, Zhuqing Zhang, Jun‐Jie Zhang, Yifan Zhu, Safiya Khalil, Muhammad M. Rahman, Rafael Verduzco and Pulickel M. Ajayan

Adv Funct Materials, 2021, 31
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Nanostructured covalent organic frameworks with elevated crystallization for (electro)photocatalysis and energy storage devices

Haoyun Chen, Xingzhong Yuan, Hou Wang, Hanbo Yu and Longbo Jiang

J Mater Sci, 2021, 56, 13875
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Ingenious Artificial Leaf Based on Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Boosting CO2 Photoreduction

Shuaiqi Gao, Qian Zhang, Xiaofang Su, Xiangkun Wu, Xia-Guang Zhang, Yingying Guo, Zhiyong Li, Jishi Wei, Huiyong Wang, Suojiang Zhang and Jianji Wang

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 9520
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2021 roadmap for sodium-ion batteries

Nuria Tapia-Ruiz, A Robert Armstrong, Hande Alptekin, Marco A Amores, Heather Au, Jerry Barker, Rebecca Boston, William R Brant, Jake M Brittain, Yue Chen, Manish Chhowalla, Yong-Seok Choi, Sara I R Costa, Maria Crespo Ribadeneyra, Serena A Cussen, Edmund J Cussen, William I F David, Aamod V Desai, Stewart A M Dickson, Emmanuel I Eweka, Juan D Forero-Saboya, Clare P Grey, John M Griffin, Peter Gross, Xiao Hua, John T S Irvine, Patrik Johansson, Martin O Jones, Martin Karlsmo, Emma Kendrick, Eunjeong Kim, Oleg V Kolosov, Zhuangnan Li, Stijn F L Mertens, Ronnie Mogensen, Laure Monconduit, Russell E Morris, Andrew J Naylor, Shahin Nikman, Christopher A O’Keefe, Darren M C Ould, R G Palgrave, Philippe Poizot, Alexandre Ponrouch, Stéven Renault, Emily M Reynolds, Ashish Rudola, Ruth Sayers, David O Scanlon, S Sen, Valerie R Seymour, Begoña Silván, Moulay Tahar Sougrati, Lorenzo Stievano, Grant S Stone, Chris I Thomas, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, Jincheng Tong, Thomas J Wood, Dominic S Wright and Reza Younesi

J. Phys. Energy, 2021, 3, 031503
DOI: 10.1088/2515-7655/ac01ef

Pivotal Role of Organic Materials in Aqueous Zinc‐Based Batteries: Regulating Cathode, Anode, Electrolyte, and Separator

Wei Chen, Tao Chen and Jiajun Fu

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
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Tailoring COFs: Transforming Nonconducting 2D Layered COF into a Conducting Quasi-3D Architecture via Interlayer Knitting with Polypyrrole

Chitvan Jain, Rinku Kushwaha, Deepak Rase, Pragalbh Shekhar, Ankita Shelke, Disha Sonwani, Thalasseril G. Ajithkumar, Chathakudath Prabhakaran Vinod and Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146, 487
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Geomimetic Thermosynthesis in Heterogeneous Structural Complexes of In Situ Growing Imine-Based COF on MXene for Enhanced Sodium Ion Storage

Xiping Luo, Mfitumucunguzi Steven, Zi-Li Feng, Yu-Xuan Wang, Xue-Juan Yang, Lu Zheng, Chuanwei Zhi and Chaofei Guo

ACS Omega, 2025, 10, 16952
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Multiple Redox‐Active Centers in An Azatriangulenetrione‐Based Covalent Organic Framework for High‐Capacity, High‐Rate and Ultra‐Stable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Fangyuan Kang, Lei Yan, Zihao Chen, Yuchan Zhang, Qianfeng Gu, Jinglun Yang, Shen Xu, Xiang Wang, Chun‐Sing Lee, Yonggang Wang and Qichun Zhang

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Interfacial Energy Level Modulation by Tuning the Electronic Character of Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Linker Functionalization Strategy

Weikun Chen, Huifang Li, Xuefeng Liang, Yuanzheng Tang, Zhiming Liu, Yan He and Udo Schwingenschlögl

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2022, 126, 21496
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