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Recent advances in microneedle-based electrochemical biosensors for monitoring biomarkers in interstitial fluid

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A plant-stabilized and self-initiated liquid metal hydrogel for high-performance multifunctional sensing and infrared camouflage

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Design and wearable sensing study of a temperature-sensitive anti-freezing biomass conductive gel based on IPANH@DES

Lijun Chen, Junfeng Zhu, Ning Chen, Jie Song, Yuxia Li, Xiangli Chen and Yuhua Niu

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Nanofibrillar conductive hydrogel adhesive for soft bioelectronic interfaces

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A peptide-based conductive hydrogel capable of in situ bioelectrocatalytic NADH regeneration for sustained production of 1-propanol

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Tough and adhesive conductive hydrogels with fast gelation from a polyphenol–aluminium ion dual self-catalysis system for wearable strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators

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Ga-Sb and Ga-AgCl liquid metal-based electrodes with self-healing for sweat pH sensors

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A self-healing elastomer with outstanding mechanical properties was designed based on urea bonds

Yanpeng Cao, Rui Yan, Xiaoye Wo, Jinlong Ma, Xiao Yu, Aijun Li, Jian Huang, Fenghua Li and Qixian Zhang

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Environmentally tolerant multifunctional eutectogel for highly sensitive wearable sensors

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Mater. Horiz., 2025, 12, 2604
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Recent progress in wearable electrochemical sensors based on MXene-conductive hydrogels

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Analyst, 2026
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Flexible fabric-integrated PAAm–LiCl hydrogel pressure sensor for wearable and soft robotics applications

Liza Liza, Md Homaune Kabir, Mohashin Kabir, Md Nuramurtada Rafi, Xu Ruidong, Md Ashikur Rahman, Tarikul Islam and Tian Mingwei

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Instant self-healing adhesive hydrogel sensors: dual-network design for real-time human motion tracking

Yali Li, Hui Liu, Ruiyao Ma, Qiang Liu, Shuanhong Ma, Ning Han and Ling-Bao Xing

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Sustainable advances in nanostructure-doped polymer hydrogels for fog harvesting: materials innovation, mechanistic insights and emerging applications

Mishal Zahra, Zhiguang Guo and Muhammad Alfahad

Mater. Horiz., 2026
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Sorption kinetics of salt-embedded bulk and porous hydrogels: A mass transfer analysis

Ruifeng Lu, Huajie Tang, Xin Wu, Chenyue Guo, Shuangjiang Feng and Dongliang Zhao

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2026, 256, 128113
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MXene- and MOF-Based Hydrogels: Emerging Platforms for Electrochemical Biosensing and Health Monitoring

Kandaswamy Theyagarajan, Sairaman Saikrithika and Young-Joon Kim

Micromachines, 2026, 17, 267
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Functionalities and properties of conductive hydrogel with nanocellulose integration

Meng Zhang, Ting Chen, Ting Xu, Han Zhang, Xuan Wang, Junjie Qi, Qiang Dong, Liyu Zhu, Zhanhui Yuan and Chuanling Si

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 506, 159872
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Hydrogel Strain Sensors Based on Ordered Iron Nanowires for Human–Machine Interaction

Qiao Chen, Shengcai Du, Qisheng Guo, Yvchen Zhou, Yunmei Tian, Ruixue Sun, Pingan Yang, Decheng Wu, Zhihao Zhou and Rui Li

IEEE Sensors J., 2024, 24, 38835
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Flexible physical sensors based on membranes: from design to application

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Portable Electroanalytical Platform Based on Eco-Friendly Biomass-Based Hydrogels with Bimetallic MOF Composites for Trace Acetaminophen Determination

Junyan Liu, Wang Sun, Guorong Sun, Xiang Huang, Shun Lu and Yang Wang

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2025, 11, 649
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Physically crosslinked hydrogel based on silver nanowires with a discontinuous rigid framework for robust, sensitive, antibacterial, and biocompatible flexible sensors

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Biomass-derived CMC-reinforced zwitterionic organohydrogel for wearable strain sensors: Achieving superior stretchability, adhesion, and anti-freezing performance

Hang Thi Ngo, Kiok Kwon and Seunghan Shin

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Self-healing hydrogel based on dynamic covalent bonds for wearable body-strain sensing and sports action correction

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Manipulating 2D Nanomaterials: Shaping the Future of Intelligent Wearable Health Monitoring Devices

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ACS Nano, 2026, 20, 6446
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Cellulose nanocrystal-based intelligent hydrogels: Innovations, challenges, and prospective application in advanced wound healing

Saah Siaffa Martin, Lu Gan, Lingli Zhang, Xurui Yang, Zhongbiao Tan, Hao Shi, Lingfeng Long and Hongliang Li

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 316, 144752
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Quercetin-polysaccharides based hydrogels: A review of applications, molecular associations, chemical and biological modifications, toxicological implications and future perspectives

Memoona Ashfaq, Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Summer

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 318, 144845
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Bioinspired nanocellulose-based ultrathin hydrogel bioadhesives with sweat-resistant properties

Boshi Feng, Juanli Shen, Jinlong Zhang, Junli Ren, Xiaohong Liu and Shiyu Fu

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Recent Advances in Stimuli‐Responsive Conductive Hydrogels for Smart Sensing and Actuation: Properties, Design Strategies, and Applications

Lulu Li, Xidi Sun, Yuchen Guo, Wen Cheng, Yi Shi and Lijia Pan

Macro Materials & Eng, 2025, 310
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High-Strength Conductive Hydrogels Reinforced by Tannic Acid-Modified Silk Nanofibers for Wearable Strain Sensors

Jia Chen, Hongchao Peng, Heng He, Bin Yan, Qin Yang, Yingchun Gu, Runfang Fu and Sheng Chen

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2025, 64, 16157
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Carboxymethyl cellulose-reinforced sandwich-structured carbon nanotube composite hydrogels for strain sensing and joule heating

Jie Ren, Xia Yang and Xu Xiang

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025, 369, 124291
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Conducting Hydrogel‐Based Neural Biointerfacing Technologies

Pei Zhang, Yifan Yang, Zhaobo Li, Yu Xue, Fucheng Wang, Liangjie Shan, Yafei Wang, Xuetao Shi, Kai Wu and Ji Liu

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Ag@polydopamine-functionalized borate ester-linked chitosan hydrogel integrates monitoring with wound healing for epidermal sensor

Wei Shi, Hui Li, Chengsheng Xu, Gaoyi Wu, Jing Chen, Jinyong Zhang, Lixin Liang, Qingyang Wu, Yongsheng Liang, Guanglin Li and Wei Tang

npj Flex Electron, 2024, 8
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Exploration of hydroxyethyl cellulose-templated PEDOT:PSS for the development of high-performance conductive dual-network hydrogel strain sensor

Mengke Zhao, Ting Wu, Xiaofa Wang, Long Liang, Sufeng Zhang, Tongqi Yuan and Guigan Fang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 519, 165000
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Aminated Lignin/Cellulose-Based Hydrogel with High Adhesion for Wearable Sensors

Jianbo Huang, Lijun Zhao, Pengtong Xiang, Fan Zhang, Yang Yang, Lumen Chao, Wen Liu, Hongkai Li and Xueming Zhang

Langmuir, 2025, 41, 15484
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Advances in ionic conductive hydrogels for skin sensor applications

Fan Mo, Yihan Lin, Yi Liu, Pengcheng Zhou, Jiawei Yang, Zichong Ji and Yan Wang

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 2025, 165, 100989
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High‐Performance P(AM‐AMPS)‐PVP Conductive Hydrogel for Morse Code Recognition and Flexible Strain Sensors

Hang Shu, Tao Li, Jiating Liu and Yi Chen

Polymer Engineering & Sci, 2026
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Lignin sulfonate induced ultrafast fabrication of polypyrrole-based conductive organohydrogel for high performance flexible strain and temperature sensor

Zichun Lu, Lingke Liu, Runtian Miao, Ning Zhang, Minjuan Gao, Xingyu Fan and Yueqin Li

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 282, 136969
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Advanced development of smart stimulus-responsive cellulose-based composites through polymer science and nanoscale engineering: Preparation approaches and applications

Jia-Qi Lang, Qi Liu and Ming-Guo Ma

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025, 360, 123611
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Self-healing and adhesive eutectogels with dual conductive networks for multimodal health monitoring and human-computer interaction

Kai Yan, Xiaolong Cao, Jun Wang, Miaomiao Gong, Qunna Xu, Yan Zong, Jing Zeng and Rong Xue

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2026, 702, 138786
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An Integrated All-Natural Conductive Supramolecular Hydrogel Wearable Biosensor with Enhanced Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties

Mengqian Li, Shuoxuan Wang, Yuan Li, Xiaoyi Meng, Yuping Wei, Yong Wang, Yu Chen, Yin Xiao and Yue Cheng

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 51618
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A self-powered casein hydrogel E-dressing with synergistic photothermal therapy, electrical stimulation, and antibacterial effects for chronic wound management

Yuhang Xu, Xiaoyu Xu, Yuan Zhao, YaNing Tian, Yubo Ma, Xin Zhang, Fanni Li, Wei Zhao, Jianzhong Ma, Qunna Xu and Qi Sun

Acta Biomaterialia, 2025, 198, 63
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Highly sensitive and stretchable liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers for soft Ionotronics

Caicong Li and Jun Wang

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2025, 215, 106384
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Helical ionotropic gel-fiber sensor with omnidirectional strain perception for multidimensional motion correction in adolescent activity assessment

Jiaxin Xing, Xinwei Yi, Yuqing Qu, Chenguang Yang, Wenwen Wang, Kun Yan and Dong Wang

Soft Sci., 2025, 5
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Hydrophobically associated hydrogels assisted with sodium alginate for flexible strain sensors in human motion monitoring

Latafat Ara, Luqman Ali Shah, Jun Fu, Noor Saeed Khattak and Hyeongmin Yoo

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2026, 338, 149777
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Recent Progress in Cellulose-Based Conductive Hydrogels

Zhenrui Du, Na Wang and Jie Du

Polymers, 2025, 17, 1089
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Entropy-Driven Cellulosic Elastomer Self-Assembly for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing

Pinle Zhang, Yingping He, Huancheng Huang, Neng Xiong, Xinyue Nong, Xinke Yu, Shuangfei Wang and Xinliang Liu

Nano-Micro Lett., 2026, 18
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High-strength polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin/LiCl dual-network conductive hydrogel for multifunctional sensors and supercapacitors

Fan Wang and Xieraili Maimaitiyiming

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 282, 137293
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Self-powered wearable electrochemical sensor based on composite conductive hydrogel medium for detection of lactate in human sweat

Jing Sun, Wanqing Dai, Qiang Guo, Yaru Gao, Jiayu Chen, Jian Lin Chen, Guozhu Mao, Hongyan Sun and Yung-Kang Peng

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2025, 277, 117303
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Design of super stretchability, rapid self-healing, and self-adhesion hydrogel based on starch for wearable strain sensors

Yanyan Li, Xin Wen, Xiaoru Li, Muhammad Zahid, Hongliang Wang and Jian Zhang

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025, 348, 122858
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Radiation synthesis of high conductivity hydrogel based on tragacanth gum/poly (ionic liquids) for multimodal sensors and supercapacitor

Yixuan Lu, Haifeng Zhou, Wenchao Zhao, Jiali Jiang, Jifu Du and Long Zhao

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 282, 137299
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Sodium alginate-enhanced MXene multifunctional hydrogel: Dual temperature-strain response and recyclability

Junzheng Chen, Xue Lv, Xikun Zhang, Huiwen Jia, Yanmin Ma, Wang Xu, Xiaoning Yang, Di Fang and Shurui Yi

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 317, 144675
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High-mechanical properties, anti-freezing, and self-regeneration zwitterionic poly (ionic liquid) hydrogel reinforced by cellulose nanofibers for strain sensor applications

Dong Fu, Linhui Xing, Yang Xie and Jun Shen

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 320, 145999
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Redox Active Lignosulfonate Functionalized Polyaniline-Based Hydrogel Electrodes for Wide Temperature Tolerant Flexible Supercapacitors

Lin Han, Yueqin Li, Runtian Miao, Lingke Liu, Zichun Lu and Ning Zhang

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 13220
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AI-Aided Gait Analysis with a Wearable Device Featuring a Hydrogel Sensor

Saima Hasan, Brent G. D’auria, M. A. Parvez Mahmud, Scott D. Adams, John M. Long, Lingxue Kong and Abbas Z. Kouzani

Sensors, 2024, 24, 7370
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Fluorescent Sulfur Quantum Dot Reinforced PVA Hydrogel with Integrated Self-Powered Sensing and Triboelectric Energy Harvesting for Wireless Motion Monitoring

Hong Ruan, Ye Yu, Junyao Xie, Li Zhou and Yuqi Li

ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2025, 8, 16008
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Wearable Biomonitoring with 2D Carbon‐Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels

Ning Li, Xiao Xiao, Yu Li, Ruobing Cheng, Junyi Yin, Hulin Zhang and Jun Chen

Advanced Physics Research, 2025, 4
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Sustainable copper-doped lignin-derived nanobiochar for high-performance hydrogel strain sensors and self-healing flexible supercapacitors

Zhibo Cao, Can Jiang, Honghan Sun, Jiaying Fang, Yunfei Zhang, Feipeng Du and Yaqiong Huang

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2026, 151807
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Ultrathin, breathable, swelling-resistant bio-mimetic electronic skin based on PVA/cellulose nanofibers for wearable devices and flexible bioelectronics

Aiyun Meng, Weilong Huang, Wei Zhong, Yali Zheng, Peigang Han and Yaorong Su

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 322, 146704
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Wearable self-powered electrochemical sensor with MXene/PU composite and advanced electrodes for non-invasive lactate detection during physical activity

Duo Xiao, Ming Zou and Mengchun Huang

Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2025, 322, 118647
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A large-deformation investigation into the electromechanically coupled sensing performances of flexible nanoparticle-reinforced composite stretch sensors

Xiaodong Xia, Yu Su, Chuang Feng and George J. Weng

International Journal of Engineering Science, 2025, 212, 104265
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A Simple Physical Kneading Strategy to Prepare an Ultrahigh-Stretchable Conductive Starch/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Borax/Carbon Nanotube Hydrogel for Flexible Capacitive Electronics

Zhiheng Gu, Xia Chen, Lihong Xu, Xiaodong Wang, Zhaoxing Lin and Tingjie Chen

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2025, 7, 1448
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MXene-based conductive hydrogels with toughness and self-healing enhancement by metal coordination for flexible electronic devices

Hongyan Yin, Lizhi Chen, Fangfei Liu, Tursun Abdiryim, Jiaying Chen, Xinyu Jing, Yancai Li, Mengyao Su and Xiong Liu

Materials Today Physics, 2024, 47, 101537
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Detection of glucose in interstitial fluid by FCA-agarose gel-GOx-Ag-COF@CNT patch non-invasive electrochemical sensor

Longsheng Pei, Jinyong Xiong, Dan Zhou, Jiamin Fang, Longfei Miao, Limin Liu and Li Wang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 520, 166131
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PNIPAAm-based temperature responsive ionic conductive hydrogels for flexible strain and temperature sensing

Tongda Lei, Yongheng Wang, Yaya Feng, Xingru Duan, Qingsong Zhang, Ailan Wan, Zhaopeng Xia, Wan Shou and Jie Fan

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 678, 726
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Biomimetic additive manufacturing tactile sensing systems: mechanisms, materials, techniques, and prospects

Jiacheng Wen, Bingqian Li, Lei Ren, Kunyang Wang, Yongjing Cao and Luquan Ren

Materials Today, 2026, 92, 711
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Crab shell-enabled fabrication of multifunctional chitin composite gels with synergistic robustness and stretchability

Yamei Zao, Jieru Ma, Shengjie Sun, Jiajia Gao, Lihui Liu, Yongcan Jin, Dagang Li, Zhaoyang Xu and Chuchu Chen

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 527, 171669
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Nanodiamond-doped biopolymer hydrogel electrolytes for enhanced zinc-air battery performance

Juan C. Vallejo-Jurado, María Fernanda Bósquez-Cáceres, Juan P. Tafur, José Béjar, Lorena Álvarez-Contreras and Vivian Morera Córdova

Diamond and Related Materials, 2025, 160, 113024
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Flexible three-dimensional Au/MXene/CB/PU scaffold for electrochemical sensing and real-time monitoring of cellular hydrogen peroxide release

Sufei Wang, Guidan Wang, Huajuan Shi, Aihua Jing and Gaofeng Liang

Microchemical Journal, 2026, 220, 116292
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Recent progress of hydrogel-based bioelectronics for mechanophysiological signal sensing

Xuan Huang, Nailin Yang, Shumin Sun, Yuan Cheng and Liang Cheng

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 2025, 162, 100888
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Conductive hydrogels: Synergistic optimization of structure-property-application in wearable sensors

Ranran Qi, Xinyue Zhi, Xuanxuan Xu, Sirui Liu, Xiaohan Zhang, Yuwei Zhang, Yuqing Xue, Yazi Wang, Si Li, Tingting Jiang and Wenlong Xu

Materials Today Chemistry, 2025, 48, 102936
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Recent advances in collagen-based hydrogels: Materials, preparation and applications

Jialong She, Jinru Liu, Yanlu Mu, Shenghua Lv, Jiahao Tong, Leipeng Liu, Tingxiang He, Jiaqi Wang and Dequan Wei

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2025, 207, 106136
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Stretch-oriented chitosan/PVA-based anisotropic double network hydrogel curing by annealing and rehydration for wearable strain sensors

Zijian Gao, Wenjun Kang, Xin Guan, Honglei Liu, Yihan Guo, Zichun Zhao, Yongqi Yang, Jian Sun, Hailun Ren and Zhaohui Jin

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2026, 379, 125014
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A Review of Conductive Hydrogel‐Based Wearable Temperature Sensors

Fan Mo, Pengcheng Zhou, Shihong Lin, Junwen Zhong and Yan Wang

Adv Healthcare Materials, 2024, 13
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Hybrid crosslinking cellulose nanofibers-reinforced zwitterionic poly (ionic liquid) organohydrogel with high-stretchable, anti-freezing, anti-drying as strain sensor application

Dong Fu, Linhui Xing, Yang Xie, Peng Li, Fan Yang, Xin Sui, Jiaying Liu, Jialong Chi, Bo Huang and Jun Shen

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025, 353, 123253
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Recent advances in resistive strain sensors: from materials and fabrication to applications in plant wearables

Shixuan Xu, Zhenyu Wang, Zhemin Jia and David Hui

REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE, 2026, 65
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Highly Elastic, Fatigue-Resistant, and Antifreezing MXene Functionalized Organohydrogels as Flexible Pressure Sensors for Human Motion Monitoring

Yutong Han, Yuzhong Cao, Haozhe Zhuang, Yu Yao, Huina Cao, Zhanhong Li, Zifeng Wang and Zhigang Zhu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 64002
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Anisotropic nanocomposite double network anti-freezing hydrogels with superior conductivity, high stretchability, and excellent resilience for wearable sensors

Yajie Li, Yushu Liu, Fangzheng Zuo, Zhuoyou Gao, Jiali Zhang, Xin Wen and Hongzan Song

Composites Communications, 2025, 59, 102566
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Tea Polyphenol-Modified Nanocellulose Carbon Aerogel for Flexible Sensor Applications

Jiazhuang Chen, Boan Wang, Guoqiang Chen, Lei Xu, Xue Dong and Tieling Xing

Langmuir, 2025, 41, 13284
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Multifunctional Conductive Hydrogels: Design Strategies and Applications in Wearable Sensors and Flexible Supercapacitors

Ting Zhou, Hexi Li, Jiuxiong Mao, Zhihao Yi, Hui Hua and Anna Zhu

Small, 2026, 22
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Multifunctional Flexible Sensor Based on P(AA‐NIPAM)/PVA Dual‐Network Hydrogel for Monitoring Soccer Players' Motion

Tao Du, Tao Cui, Baoshuai Yang, Baokun Wu, Chendi Zhang, Keyi Shang, Yiqin Yang, Jinxiong Wu, Yong Gao, Muxue Wang, Patiman Abudu, Yierxiati Dilixiati, Bate Nasen, Yunpeng Qi, Jianbin Song and Zhihui Zhu

Adv Materials Technologies, 2026
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High-strength dual-network hydrogels with chain-growth enhancement for multifunctional flexible sensors, triboelectric nanogenerators, and EMI shielding

Zhuoqing Zhang, Guodong Liu, Junkai Wu, Xiaohong Jiang, Hanbin Liu and Zhijian Li

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 519, 165710
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Facile synthesis of ultratough conductive gels with swelling and freezing resistance for flexible sensor applications

Pengpeng Lu, Jingyang Xu, Shuyan Liu, Lili Fu, Shengxian Wu, Ze Liu, Tu Hou, He Liu and Dongyan Huang

Sci Rep, 2025, 15
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Three‐Dimensional Printing Dual‐Network Hydrogel with Antibacterial, Stretchable, and Adhesive Performances for Motion Sensing

Xiaochen Wang, Lei Ding, Yue Hu, Shui Yu, Yang Lyu, Xiaohong Sun, Hongmei Zhao, Zhongying Ji and Xiaolong Wang

Adv Eng Mater, 2025, 27
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Multifunctional cellulose nanofiber/MXene zwitterionic hydrogel for dual-mode strain and temperature sensing with high-performance electromagnetic shielding

Wen-Yan Guo, Yu-Tan Jiang, Bo Wang and Ming-Guo Ma

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2026, 246, 299
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Multipurpose Paper-Based Sensors by Hydrogel-Assisted Metal Deposition

Yifan Mou, Kai Feng, Yubo Liu, Pengwei Xie, Tingting Gao, Yang Wu and Feng Zhou

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2026, 8, 1706
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Conductivity Enhancement and Strain Gauge Optimization for Accurate and Stable Flexible Wearable Motion Sensors

Yen-Kai Huang, Shih-Chen Shi, Dieter Rahmadiawan and Guan-Yu Chen

ACS Omega, 2026, 11, 4523
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Bioinspired Antiswelling Hydrogel Sensors with High Strength and Rapid Self-Recovery for Underwater Information Transmission

Shenxin Pan, Chao Chang, Gang Wu, Zidong He, Chongyin Zhang, Shuqiang Xiong, Gangsheng Tong and Xinyuan Zhu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 9760
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A flexible dual-readout sensor based on Mn-doped CeO2 Nanozymes for selective nitrite monitoring in pickled vegetables

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