Manipulation of Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 crystallization behavior towards efficient carbon-based printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Carbon-based printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (MPSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their excellent stability and low manufacturing cost. However, the filling and crystallization behavior of perovskite are difficult to finely manipulate due to the confined space of triple-mesoporous layers. Herein, an innovative approach is first proposed to effectively manipulate the crystallization behavior of Cs_0.1FA_0.9PbI₃ perovskite in triple-mesoporous layers by introducing propylamine hydrochloride (PACl). Under the manipulation of PACl, the nucleation density of perovskite crystals was significantly increased, the crystallization rate was delayed, thus the compact filling and preferred crystal orientation growth of the perovskite were realized. Simultaneously, ammonium ions (NH₃⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) of PACl compensate for ionic vacancies in the perovskite through hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds, thus passivating defects. Consequently, MPSCs with PACl achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.06%, and the open circuit voltage of MPSCs increased from 0.940 V to 0.991 V. The work developed a simple method based on alkylamine hydrochloride to finely manipulate the crystallization of the CsFA-based perovskite.