Titanium dioxide-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: structure and synthesis

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have high energy density, long life, good safety, and environmental friendliness, and have been widely used in large-scale energy storage and mobile electronic devices. As a cheap and non-toxic anode material for LIBs, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has a good application prospect. However, its poor electrical conductivity leads to unsatisfactory electrochemical performance, which limits its large-scale application. In this review, the structure of three TiO₂ polymorphs which are widely investigated are briefly described, then the preparation and electrochemical performance of TiO₂ with different morphologies, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanospheres, and the related research on the TiO₂ composite materials with carbon, silicon, and metal materials are discussed. Finally, the development trend of TiO₂-based anode materials for LIBs has been briefly prospected.