Photo-regulated supramolecular artificial proton channels induce cancer cell apoptosis

Abstract

Natural channel proteins can effectively and selectively transport substances across membranes and control the opening and closing of channels under specific stimulation conditions, but achieving the same functions in artificial systems is difficult. Herein, we design a series of PEG-based artificial proton channels with ON/OFF switchable transport behaviors, which can be controlled through light irradiation and the regulation of host–guest interactions. In addition, the results indicated that the molecular length, intramolecular forces and molecular hydrophilicity were closely related to the ion transport properties. Artificial proton channels also exhibit desirable anticancer potential by damaging mitochondria and elevating the lysosomal pH, resulting in the apoptosis of cancer cells. This work not only designs a type of supramolecular artificial proton channel with adjustable transport activity but also provides a method for treating cancer.