Issue 48, 2022

Potential roles of hyaluronic acid in in vivo CAR T cell reprogramming for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has recently shown unprecedented clinical efficacy for cancer treatment, particularly of hematological malignancies. However, the complex manufacturing processes that involve ex vivo genetic modification of autologous T cells limits its therapeutic application. CAR T cells generated in vivo provide a valid alternative immunotherapy, “off-the-shelf”, for cancer treatment. This approach requires carriers for the delivery of CAR-encoding constructs, which are plasmid DNA or messenger RNA, to T cells for CAR expression to help eradicate the tumor. As such, there are a growing number of studies reporting gene delivery systems for in vivo CAR T cell therapy based on viral vectors and polymeric nanoparticles. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural biopolymer that can serve for gene delivery, because of its inherent properties of cell recognition and internalization, as well as its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and presence of functional groups for the chemical conjugation of targeting ligands. In this review, the potential of HA in the delivery of CAR constructs is discussed on the basis of previous experience of HA-based nanoparticles for gene therapy. Furthermore, current studies on CAR carriers for in vivo-generated CAR T cells are included, giving an idea of a rational design of HA-based systems for the more efficient delivery of CAR to circulating T cells.

Graphical abstract: Potential roles of hyaluronic acid in in vivo CAR T cell reprogramming for cancer immunotherapy

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
26 Okt 2022
Accepted
02 Nov 2022
First published
09 Nov 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Nanoscale, 2022,14, 17821-17840

Potential roles of hyaluronic acid in in vivo CAR T cell reprogramming for cancer immunotherapy

C. Laomeephol, S. Areecheewakul, S. Tawinwung, K. Suppipat, P. Chunhacha, N. M. Neves and J. A. Luckanagul, Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 17821 DOI: 10.1039/D2NR05949E

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