Issue 26, 2022

A stir bar sorptive extraction device coupled with a gas chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples

Abstract

A lean cocktail is a mixed drink for the non-medical use of prescription medications that has emerged in recent years as a drug of abuse and is related to drug-facilitated crimes. The determination of active ingredients in a lean cocktail is necessary for forensic investigations. This work presents an in-house developed stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) device with an XAD-2 adsorbent followed by analysis using GC-FID for the extraction and determination of the five main abused prescription drugs (diphenhydramine, tramadol, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan and promethazine) in lean cocktail samples. Under optimized conditions, the developed method provided linearity for 1.0–250 μg mL−1 of each of the five abused prescription drugs. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation were in the respective ranges of 0.25–0.5 μg mL−1 and 1.0–1.5 μg mL−1. The percentage of extraction was 85.0–94.9%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.2–14.4% RSD and 1.4–15.8% RSD, respectively. Good relative recoveries in the range of 86.7–110.3% and 88.5–107.9% were obtained when the proposed method was applied for extraction and analysis of abused prescription drugs in five lean cocktail samples. The developed method can be a useful tool for measuring the levels of abused prescription drugs in a lean cocktail and the data could also be used as evidence in a forensic investigation.

Graphical abstract: A stir bar sorptive extraction device coupled with a gas chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
10 Apr 2022
Accepted
20 Mei 2022
First published
14 Jun 2022

Anal. Methods, 2022,14, 2557-2568

A stir bar sorptive extraction device coupled with a gas chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples

K. Nualdee, R. Buain, B. Janchawee, W. Sukree, C. Thammakhet-Buranachai, P. Kanatharana, K. Chaisiwamongkhol, S. Prutipanlai and A. Phonchai, Anal. Methods, 2022, 14, 2557 DOI: 10.1039/D2AY00603K

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements