Issue 17, 2021

Dendritic fibrous nanosilica-supported dendritic IL/Ru(ii) as photocatalysts for the dicarbofunctionalization of styrenes with carbon dioxide and amines

Abstract

The effectual utilization of heterogeneous catalysts from nano sources through chemical moderation for the α-aminomethylcarboxylation of alkenes with carbon dioxide and amines is an attractive area to study. Dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) is a cost-effective, resistant, plenteous, and reproducible source with dandelion-like fibrous anatomy. The present paper is a report on an easy method to provide a family of new DFNS-supported dendritic imidazolium IL/Ru(II) heterogeneous catalysts DFNS/IL/Ru (1–3) with high ionic density from DFNS. A positive dendritic effect was perceived in the chemical stabilization performance of CO2. DFNS/IL/Ru(II) was appropriately identified by UV-vis spectroscopy, XPS, SEM, TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and TGA. It was discovered that DFNS/IL/Ru(II) has high catalytic activity for the synthesis of quinoline-2-one through the annulation of ortho-heteroaryl anilines and CO2. DFNS/IL/Ru (3) could be reutilized ten continuous times with no notable reduction in the catalytic activity. Notably, the coveted quinoline-2-one was prepared on a multi-gram scale by deploying DFNS/IL/Ru (3) as a green heterogeneous catalyst. Owing to the attendance of the zwitterionic liquid functional groups on the exterior layer of the bio-based DFNS/IL/Ru (3) catalyst, DFNS/IL/Ru (3) expressed the highest catalytic activity. This approach provides highly functional γ-amino acids in proper yields with great selective power. This paper announces the first nanocatalyst for this transformation, comprising the DFNS-supported Ru N-heterocyclic carbine complex.

Graphical abstract: Dendritic fibrous nanosilica-supported dendritic IL/Ru(ii) as photocatalysts for the dicarbofunctionalization of styrenes with carbon dioxide and amines

Associated articles

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 dec 2020
Accepted
05 feb 2021
First published
09 mar 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2021,11, 9933-9941

Dendritic fibrous nanosilica-supported dendritic IL/Ru(II) as photocatalysts for the dicarbofunctionalization of styrenes with carbon dioxide and amines

C. Liu and J. Rouhi, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 9933 DOI: 10.1039/D0RA10729H

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