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Rapid Regeneration of Graphite Anodes via Self‐Induced Microwave Plasma

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The Alchemy of Two Degraded Cathodes: Synergistic Surface‐Bulk Upcycling for Degraded NCM Materials by Leached LiFePO4

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A comprehensive overview of decommissioned lithium-ion battery recycling: Towards green and economical

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Nano-sheet stacked flower-like MoO₂ with synergistic adsorption-catalysis for wide-temperature lithium-sulfur batteries

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A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO4 Cathode Materials

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Chloroaluminate Molten Salts for Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Recycling of Layered Metal Oxide Cathodes

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A Universal Solution for Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate

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Modification of low-cobalt and high-nickel cathode materials: Research progress, mechanism of action and future path of intelligent collaborative technology

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Optimizing shear-dominant stripping with controlled stress for efficient recovery of cathode active materials from spent lithium-ion batteries

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Low-polarity organic molecules intercalated in MoS2 with enhanced structural stability for advanced zinc ion batteries

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High Rate Performance of Single‐Crystalline NCM Upcycled from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries Via Direct Recovery and Modification

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Selective lithium extraction from spent lithium batteries: Mechanism and technology of (NH4)2SO4 synergistic roasting

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Facilitating Cathode Regeneration via Defect‐Driven Prelithiation

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Multifunctional Scavenger Boosts Cathode Interfacial Stability with Reduced Water Footprint for Direct Recycling of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Direct Recycling of Retired Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Emerging Methods for Sustainable Reuse

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Electrochemical Water Splitting for Scale Hydrogen Production: From the Laboratory to Industrial Applications

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Toward Circular Energy: Exploring Direct Regeneration for Lithium‐Ion Battery Sustainability

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Scalable ultrafast regeneration of cathodes from battery waste

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Efficient regeneration of anode graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries using a deep eutectic solvent method

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Organic Eutectic Salts‐Assisted Direct Lithium Regeneration for Extremely Low State of Health Ni‐Rich Cathodes

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Cathode and Plastic Corecycling from Spent Batteries via Paired Electrolysis

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Mechanisms of Thermal Decomposition in Spent NCM Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials with Carbon Defects and Oxygen Vacancies

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Recent advances in sustainable reductive roasting for spent lithium-ion batteries recycling

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A one-step low-temperature closed-loop eutectic salt strategy for direct regeneration of severely degraded LiFePO4

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Surface Engineering of Cathode Materials: Enhancing the High Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Molten Salt-Assisted Synthesis of Single-Crystalline NCM523 Cathodes from Spent Precursors: High-Performance and Cost-Effective Recycling

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Upcycling of High‐Rate Ni‐Rich Cathodes through Intrinsic Structural Features

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Direct Upcycling of Degraded LiCoO2 Material Toward High‐Performance Single‐Crystal NCM Cathode

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Technology and principle on preferentially selective lithium extraction for spent ternary lithium batteries: A review

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Progress and prospect of spent lithium iron phosphate cathode materials recycling: A review

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Achievable Surface–Bulk Structure Dual Reinforced by Room-Temperature Al-Induced Engineering Enables Stable Battery Cycling of 4.6 V LiCoO2

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Boosting sodium storage capability of Prussian blue analogues through in-situ composite integration with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

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Direct recycling of spent lithium-ion battery cathodes inspired by the polymerization of dopamine

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Sustainable regeneration of high-performance cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries through magnetic separation and coprecipitation

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Direct Regeneration of Spent LiCoO2 Black Mass Based on Fluorenone‐Mediated Lithium Supplementation and Energy‐Saving Structural Restoration

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Enhanced Li-ion battery performance based on multisite oxygen vacancies in WO3-x@rGO negative electrode

Zihao Li, Xijia Yang, Yue Yang, Xuesong Li, Yang Gao, Liying Wang and Wei Lü

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 498, 155383
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155383

Ambient-pressure relithiation of spent LiFePO4 using alkaline solutions enables direct regeneration of lithium-ion battery cathodes

Xuejing Qiu, Chenyan Wang, Yongzhi Liu, Qing Han, Lingling Xie, Limin Zhu and Xiaoyu Cao

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 105, 114721
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Upcycling degraded layered oxide cathodes from spent lithium-ion batteries toward emerging materials: A review

Chunxian Xing, Meng Yao and Linfeng Fei

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 71, 103636
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Efficient Upcycling of Spent LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode to Single-Crystal Ni-Rich Cathode Materials by Rapid Diffusion of Nickel Ions

Kangkang Xu, Chang Song, Wenxu Yang, Jian Ding, Xingchuan Xia and Jianli Kang

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2025, 13, 4682
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Recent recycling methods for spent cathode materials from lithium-ion batteries: A review

Karmegam Dhanabalan, Kanakaraj Aruchamy, Ganesan Sriram, Thangarasu Sadhasivam and Tae Hwan Oh

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2024, 139, 111
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Activating Carbon and Oxygen Bonds for Low-Temperature Thermal Decomposition of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Kang Liu, Xiaohong Zhu, Yuying Zhang, Mengmeng Wang, Roya Maboudian, Daniel S. Alessi and Daniel C.W. Tsang

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2025, 59, 5348
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c12200

Direct recycling of spent cathode material at ambient conditions via spontaneous lithiation

Junxiong Wang, Haocheng Ji, Junfeng Li, Zheng Liang, Wen Chen, Yanfei Zhu, Guanjun Ji, Ruyu Shi, Guangmin Zhou and Hui-Ming Cheng

Nat Sustain, 2024, 7, 1283
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Progress, challenges, and prospects of spent lithium-ion batteries recycling: A review

Pengwei Li, Shaohua Luo, Lin Zhang, Qiuyue Liu, Yikai Wang, Yicheng Lin, Can Xu, Jia Guo, Peam Cheali and Xiaoning Xia

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2024, 89, 144
DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2023.10.012

Sustainable and Selective Recycling of Lithium Metal from Spent Cathodes: Direct Pathway to Anode Regeneration

Yongtai Xu, Wenjing Li, Xue Liang Li, Congjian Lin, Yifan Li, Wei Ying Lieu, Liping Yang, Yixiang Li, Jintao Zhang and Hui Ying Yang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Upcycling the cathodes of spent lithium ion batteries into high-performance cathodes

Jiahui Xu, Weng-Lam Wong, Hao Du, Yuqiong Kang, Yun Zhao, Bo Lan, Zhenyu Guo, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, Feiyu Kang and Baohua Li

Nano Research Energy, 2025, 4, e9120174
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Toward Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Next-Generation Recycling Method

Junxiong Wang, Jun Ma, Zhaofeng Zhuang, Zheng Liang, Kai Jia, Guanjun Ji, Guangmin Zhou and Hui-Ming Cheng

Chem. Rev., 2024, 124, 2839
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DFT + U study of structural, electronic, optical and magnetic properties of LiFePO4 Cathode materials for Lithium-Ion batteries

A K Wabeto, K N Nigussa and L D Deja

Mater. Res. Express, 2025, 12, 015507
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Investigation of papermaking technique towards high-performance and recyclable paper-based electrodes for LiFePO4 batteries

Haiwen Li, Peng Xu, Yuchen Guo, Wenhao Jia, Huan Wang, Haoteng Wu, Ruihua Li, Zhijian Li, Hanbin Liu, Suochao Yuan and Haiwei Wu

Materials Today Communications, 2025, 44, 112141
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.112141

Multi-perspective evaluation on spent lithium iron phosphate recycling process: For next-generation technology option

Hongkai Li, Xueli Wang, Wenjie Zhang, Peihua Li, Xin Wang, Xiaoming Zhang, Bin Wu, Wenfang Gao, Jiawei Wen, Guoyong Huang and Shengming Xu

Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 367, 121983
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Synergy of TiO2 and polydopamine dual coating of recycled photovoltaic silicon waste enables superior-performance silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Long Chen, Le-Qing Fan, Fei-Fei Deng, Li-Na Wang, Xin-Yuan Song, Xiao-Tong Zhu, Fu-Da Yu, Yun-Fang Huang and Ji-Huai Wu

Electrochimica Acta, 2025, 538, 146997
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Cathode Upcycling for Direct Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using a Precipitation Approach

Eva Allen, Jessica Macholz, Matthew Nisbet, Nighat Chowdhury, Feng Wang, Mansi Porwal, Denis T. Keane, William Guise, Zachary Dundek, Michael Caple, Viktor Nikitin, Jordi Cabana, Qiang Dai and Albert Lipson

Advanced Energy Materials, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202500699

Thermal Runaway Induced Battery Recycling

Hao Du, Yuqiong Kang, Yao Tian, Yun Zhao, Bo Lan, Tao Li, Naser Tavajohi, Zhenyu Guo, Maria‐Magdalena Titirici, Yunlong Zhao, Li Wang, Xiangming He, Feiyu Kang and Baohua Li

Advanced Energy Materials, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202503381