Advances in the visualization and thermal management of electrochromic materials

Abstract

Electrochromism, the phenomenon of altering material reflectivity and color by applying voltage, is gaining traction in the development of phones, automobiles, and buildings. Herein, we initially explore the application potential of electrochromism and then delve into electrochromic materials of different types and coloring mechanisms. Furthermore, optical resonator designs that enhance structural colors and competitiveness, such as plasmonic and Fabry–Perot cavities, are highlighted. In thermal management, the spectral control of visible and infrared light via electrochromism reduces energy consumption and regulates temperature, with plasmonic absorption concepts furthering its development. In summary, we comprehensively review electrochromic advancements in applications, materials, visualization, and thermal management.