Issue 19, 2020

The unique potency of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in situ cancer vaccine

Abstract

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment enables cancer to resist immunotherapies. We have established that intratumoral administration of plant-derived Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles as an in situ vaccine overcomes the local immunosuppression and stimulates a potent anti-tumor response in several mouse cancer models and canine patients. CPMV does not infect mammalian cells but acts as a danger signal that leads to the recruitment and activation of innate and subsequently, adaptive immune cells. In the present study we addressed whether other icosahedral viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs) of plant, bacteriophage and mammalian origin can be similarly employed as intratumoral immunotherapy. Our results indicate that CPMV in situ vaccine outperforms Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), Physalis mosaic virus (PhMV), Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV), bacteriophage Qβ VLPs, or Hepatitis B virus capsids (HBVc). Furthermore, ex vivo and in vitro assays reveal unique features of CPMV that makes it an inherently stronger immune stimulant.

Graphical abstract: The unique potency of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in situ cancer vaccine

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 Upu 2020
Accepted
01 Leo 2020
First published
11 Leo 2020

Biomater. Sci., 2020,8, 5489-5503

The unique potency of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in situ cancer vaccine

S. Shukla, C. Wang, V. Beiss, H. Cai, T. Washington, A. A. Murray, X. Gong, Z. Zhao, H. Masarapu, A. Zlotnick, S. Fiering and N. F. Steinmetz, Biomater. Sci., 2020, 8, 5489 DOI: 10.1039/D0BM01219J

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