Issue 33, 2022

A 3D-printed, multi-modal microfluidic device for measuring nitric oxide and ATP release from flowing red blood cells

Abstract

In this paper, a 3D-printed multi-modal device was designed and fabricated to simultaneously detect nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in red blood cell suspensions prepared from whole blood. Once a sample was injected into the device, NO was first detected (via amperometry) using a three-electrode, dual-opposed, electrode configuration with a platinum-black/Nafion coated gold working electrode. After in-line amperometric detection of NO, ATP was detected via a chemiluminescence reaction, with a luciferin/luciferase solution continuously pumped into an integrated mixing T and the resulting light being measured with a PMT underneath the channel. The device was optimized for mixing/reaction conditions, limits of detection (40 nM for NO and 30 nM for ATP), and sensitivity. This device was used to determine the basal (normoxic) levels of NO and ATP in red blood cells, as well as an increase in concentration of both analytes under hypoxic conditions. Finally, the effect of storing red blood cells in a commonly used storage solution was also investigated by monitoring the production of NO and ATP over a three-week storage time.

Graphical abstract: A 3D-printed, multi-modal microfluidic device for measuring nitric oxide and ATP release from flowing red blood cells

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
08 Jan 2022
Accepted
28 Upu 2022
First published
12 Pha 2022

Anal. Methods, 2022,14, 3171-3179

A 3D-printed, multi-modal microfluidic device for measuring nitric oxide and ATP release from flowing red blood cells

E. A. Hayter, S. Azibere, L. A. Skrajewski, L. D. Soule, D. M. Spence and R. S. Martin, Anal. Methods, 2022, 14, 3171 DOI: 10.1039/D2AY00931E

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