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Cellulose nanocrystals@BSA and lysine for the design of self-healing and anti-freezing flexible hydrogel sensors

Chenglin Yang, Pengxiao Liu, Wenmei Xiao, Wenxiang Wang, Hou Chen, Liangjiu Bai, Huawei Yang, Lixia Yang and Donglei Wei

European Polymer Journal, 2025, 223, 113620
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Skin-inspired MXene-based polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin organic hydrogel with good anti-drying, anti-swelling properties and high sensitivity

Yuwei Chen, Wenyan Guo, Nayu Chen, Ying Liu, Xuan Wan, Tianyu Wang, Zhehao Zhou, Yuan Jin and Guangli Li

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2025, 383, 116231
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High-conductivity PBFDO-based self-adhesive hydrogel for low-hysteresis flexible sensing applications

Yihao Wu, Feng Zeng, Yin Ke, Xiaoling He, Zhiming Zhong, Zhenzhong Sun and Jin Xu

Polymer, 2025, 336, 128876
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Recent advances in hydrogel—based wearable devices for sports monitoring and rehabilitation: Functional applications in training, injury prevention, and recovery

Nan Zhang, Qinghua Meng, Miaomiao Xiao, Chen Yang, Luxing Zhou, Hongshuai Leng, Chunyu Bao and Xuequan Feng

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Halloysite nanotube modified piezo-electric hydrogel with multi-functional properties

Khashti Datt Pandey, Indranil Maity and Ajay D. Thakur

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2025, 386, 116320
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Multifunctional conductive hydrogels: A comprehensive insight from microstructure and formation mechanisms to various properties

Liang Yang, Hao Ning, Hong Wang and Zhipu Yu

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2025, 1036, 181989
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Dynamic borax-crosslinked transparent and antifreezing tragacanth gum-glycerol hydrogel for biomedical use

Pardis Dadashi, Zahra Nazemi, Fatemeh Radmanesh and Mohammad Sadegh Nourbakhsh

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Nanocellulose-mediated double-network conductive organohydrogels with self-adhesive, biocompatible and environmentally tolerant properties for wearable biosensors

Chunxiao Zheng, Jingren Ma, Ya Lu, Mingqiang Ye, Yihui Zhou, Weisheng Yang, Shuijian He, Shaohua Jiang, Huining Xiao and Jingquan Han

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A hierarchically structured fibrous sensor with temperature-responsive adhesion for wearable applications

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Progress in polysaccharide-based conductive hydrogels: Natural sources, functional types, and their roles in energy and biomedical applications

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Recyclable Organic Ionic Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Wearable Sensors with Excellent Environmental Resistance

Zhenfeng Sun, Yanhao Li, Guosheng Zhang, Zhengyan Chen, Fang Ren, Yanling Jin and Penggang Ren

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2024, 6, 6626
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Adhesive, Biocompatible, Antibacterial, and Degradable Collagen-Based Conductive Hydrogel as Strain Sensor for Human Motion Monitoring

Lixia Liao, Jiyuan Zhang, Jiaqi Ding, Chengzhi Xu, Lian Zhu, Yuanjing Hou, Sheng Li, Juntao Zhang, Benmei Wei and Haibo Wang

Molecules, 2024, 29, 5728
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Humic acid-based anti-freezing and self-healing hydrogel flexible sensors with functional cellulose nanocrystals

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Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 506, 159854
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Dynamic Coordination of Hydrogen-Rich Bonds Drives Multifunctional Conductive Hydrogels for High-Performance Wearable Sensors

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ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2025, 7, 15799
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Highly robust conductive hydrogel based on in-situ polymerization of PEDOT for wearable devices

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3D printing of self-healing longevous multi-sensory e-skin

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Sustainable hydrogels as conductive platforms for neural applications

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Polyaniline reinforced multifunctional gel for strain sensor with multiple environmental adaptability

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Self-healing and anti-freezing hydrogels based on the nanocomposite reinforcement strategy of cellulose nanocrystals and their applications in flexible sensors

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Facile assembly of robust, biocompatible and anti-freezing chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel sensor for recognizing various motion signals

Jingwen Lan, Rukuan Liu, Zijing Mei, Sisi Liu, Yiming Gong and Airong Xu

European Polymer Journal, 2025, 236, 114122
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Bio-based hydrogel sensor based on Curdlan/carboxymethyl chitosan for monitoring human physiological activities

Yepeng Zhang, Yunxiang Fan, Wei Kuang, Huilin Tian and Xin Wang

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Micropatterned Composite Hydrogel Sheet with Surface Electronic Conductive Network for Ultrasensitive Strain Sensing

Ruidong Chu, Mingyu Liu, Wenxia Liu, Zhaoping Song, Guodong Li, Dehai Yu, Xiaona Liu and Huili Wang

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Fabrication of superhydrophobic electron-conducting hydrogel e-skin with linear sensitivity for underwater monitoring

Ya-ru Ding, Yi-fan Wang, Hao-jie Zhang, Zhe Jia and Jing-jing Wang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 520, 166249
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Photopolymerized ionogel as strain-temperature flexible sensor with high linearity, self-healing ability and adhesion

Huanyu Liu, Jiaming Fan, Zengbiao Huang, Chenkai Luo and Yunhui Wu

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Ca2+/ethanol driven in-situ integration of tough, antifreezing and conductive silk fibroin/polyacrylamide hydrogels for wearable sensors and electronic skin

Guangdong Sun, Xiuling He, Haixia Chen, Jinchao Li and Yongqiang Wang

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Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogels through Rapid Polymerization Enabled by Tannic Acid-Silver Dual Catalysis for Next-Generation Flexible and Wearable Sensors

Shafia Anum, Muhammad Sher, Mansoor Khan, Luqman Ali Shah and Hyeong-Min Yoo

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2025, 7, 2504
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Synergistic effect of GaInSn liquid metal and MXene in biomimetic sandwich hydrogels: A strategy for high-sensitive, self-healable strain sensors

Hongyu Liu, Gongdong Wang, Meng Wang, Mingyang Lv, Tianjiao Liu, Mingchi Yu and Chao Lan

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Phytic acid-based super antifreeze multifunctional conductive hydrogel for human motion monitoring and energy harvesting devices

Weijun Wu, Junfang Chang, Yanyang He, Zhiyong Guo, Sui Wang and Jie Mao

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Next-generation biodegradable sensors: A roadmap toward zero-waste electronics

C. Jeyalakshmi, M. Parameswari, V. Vaidehi, B. Muthukumaran and K. Jayamoorthy

Microchemical Journal, 2026, 222, 117139
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Development of a two-mode hydrogel sensor with a thermal diffusion effect for intelligent sensing and temperature warning

Xuze Tang, Xiaoyu Yang, Peng Wang, Jiannan Lei, Zinan Wang, Jie Liu, Jihao Ye, Tianxu Ji, Wei Duan and Ying Yue

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Self-healable and self-adhesive hydrogel based gas sensor using carbon quantum dots embedded ZnMn2O4 platelets for ppb level sensing of toluene at room temperature

Banalata Maji, Om Priya Nanda and Sushmee Badhulika

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 507, 160601
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Lanthanide-coordinated and enhanced multifunctional hydrogel for strain sensing, information encryption and VOCs adsorption

Zhongwan Li, Gonghe Li, Yajuan Li and Xudong Yu

Journal of Rare Earths, 2026
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Asymmetric sandwich structural gel with temperature-triggered adhesive and superhydrophobic layers for on-demand adhesion/detaching, self-cleaning and reliable strain sensor

Jianmei Liu, Zanru Guo, Zhanfeng He, Nan Zheng, Jie Huang, Yanmei Chen and Yujin Nie

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 521, 166756
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Coordination hydrogel enables an extremely stable, highly sensitive, self-healable and robust underwater sensor

Rongli Zhang, Lingran Liu, Zhuo Ge, Hanyu Ren, Wentang Wang, Maiyong Zhu and Chunhui Luo

European Polymer Journal, 2025, 233, 114010
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3D-Printable gelatin-based organohydrogel for flexible wearable pressure sensors

Xinlong Liu, Xitong Shang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Longmeng Du, Qifan Yang, Liping Ren, Zaixing Jiang, Wenhui Zheng and Wei Li

Polymer, 2025, 335, 128784
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Tough ion-electron conductive hydrogels with multi-crosslinked network for strain sensors

Jia Zhao, Haiyan Zhu, Huiyu Bai and Weifu Dong

Polymer, 2025, 319, 128060
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A rapidly moldable thermogalvanic organohydrogel for self-powered water temperature and level monitoring

Yongcheng Gao and Yongqiang Yu

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2025, 394, 116876
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Hybrid 0D/1D/2D nanomaterial-based flexible bioelectrical sensors with high SNR and robust flexibility for dynamic health monitoring

Wen Xu, Lian Cheng, Qiang Lei, Wanzhen Fo, Jun Li and Jianhua Zhang

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, 726, 138139
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Multi-functional 3D printed hydrogel electrodes for brain-computer interfaces and wearable sensing

Xinyu Wu, Haorui Ge, Wei Zhao, Kunyapat Thummavichai, Luzheng Bi and Binling Chen

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2026, 704, 139418
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High-performance dual skin temperature-sweat pH sensor based on ionic conductive hydrogel

Lanzhi Ke, Xinbei Shen, Fan Xiao, Yingxin Zhang, Qianhui Zhang, Haonan Jiang, Shunyu Jin and Yuan Huang

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2025, 393, 116729
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Silicone Ionic Liquid-Based Hydrogel for Flexible Strain Sensors with Intrinsically Antifreezing Property

Yushu Xu, Yanru Chen, Xiaolei Guo, Shihao Wang, Yanyan Deng, Yuanji Li, Hua Wang, Teng Long, Xiao Cheng and Chuanjian Zhou

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2025, 7, 3611
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Breathable, Nanonet‐Reinforced Ultrathin Ionogel Film via Hydrogen Bonding‐Ion Dipole Synergy for Multifunctional Wearable Sensors

Yeqing Xu, Xin Jing, Peiyong Feng, Maxwell Fordjour Antwi‐Afari, Yuejun Liu, Fuxiang Liu, Shitao Li and Hao‐Yang Mi

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Redox molecular sieve enables room-temperature polymerization of elastic and crack-resistant hydrogel sensor

Yalin Gao, Shaoning Zhang and Fuqiang Huang

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DermalECG: Multifunctional Organohydrogel for Real‐Time ECG Monitoring and Wound Healing on Burned Skin

Rafi u Shan Ahmad, Muhammad Shehzad Khan, Mohamed Elhousseini Hilal, Junchen Liao, Feng Chuhan, Wasim Ullah Khan, Bangul Khan, Mubasher Ali, Kai Yang and Bee Luan Khoo

Adv Healthcare Materials, 2026
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Preparation and application of organic hydrogels incorporating polyacrylamide/sodium alginate/DMSO for enhanced anti-drying, anti-freezing, and self-healing properties

Yiyao Wu, Yin Ke, Ting Lin, Xiaoling He and Jin Xu

Polymer, 2024, 313, 127693
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Double-network conductive hydrogel for non-contact respiratory monitoring

Shuhang Deng, Xiaoran Ming, Guilong Yan, Li Wang, Zhenyu Li, Jingyu Chen, Jingjuan Lai, Dong Li, Dong Xiang, Chunxia Zhao, Hui Li, Xuezhong Zhang, Han Li, Xungai Wang, Yu Xiao and Yuanpeng Wu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 502, 157719
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Fully Bio‐Based Gelatin Organohydrogels via Enzymatic Crosslinking for Sustainable Soft Strain and Temperature Sensing

Pietro Tordi, Adrián Tamayo, Yeonsu Jeong, Bin Han, Tamer Al Kayal, Aida Cavallo, Massimo Bonini and Paolo Samorì

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
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Ultrastretchable, Temperature-Responsive, Wearable Ionic Conductive Hydrogel for Multifunctional Sensing Applications

Rao Dai, Wenqian Miao, Yixiao Wang, Yiyue Zhou, Jixuan Hu, Xing Meng, Huijuan Lin and Shasha Song

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2026, 8, 3851
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High-performance strain sensor based on stretchable and flexible nanocomposite double network hydrogel

Nafiseh Moradinik, Sara Tarashi, Hossein Nazockdast and Hamid Garmabi

Polymer, 2025, 340, 129279
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Sponge-like compressible hydrogels with simultaneous water-locking enabled by highly entangled double networks for ultra-reliable wearable sensors

He Li, Dan Wang, Guohui Liu, Zhaoyu Liu, Mingwang Pan and Ruihu Wang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 515, 163920
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Constructing hydrogel networks for fabricating carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan/poly(vinyl alcohol) strain sensor

Lunbo Zhang, Xuexue Ding, Siyuan Liu and Defeng Wu

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3D printing, biocompatibility and long-lasting antibacterial hydrogel with recognizing stimuli for electromyographic signal

Ruijia Wang, Xijia Fu, Yibo Sun and Zhuang Li

European Polymer Journal, 2026, 243, 114461
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Thermoresponsive and Strain-Sensitive Hydrogels with Inscribable Transparency-Based Dynamic Memory Behaviors

Huabiao Ye, Ting Dong, Shaohua Wu, Guangting Han, Que Chen, Ching-Wen Lou, Shan Chi, Yanming Liu, Cui Liu and Jia-Horng Lin

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 15921
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Flexible and wearable strain sensor based on SSt/PAA/G composite hydrogel for human–machine interaction applications

Jinru Liu, Shenghua Lv, Yanlu Mu, Dequan Wei, Ying Chen, Tingxiang He, Jialong She and Leipeng Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 522, 167678
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Surfactant associated mechanical and rheological properties of the flexible hydrogels for strain sensing applications

Ibrar Ahmad, Muhammad Sher, Luqman Ali Shah, Jun Fu and Hyeongmin Yoo

Materials Today Chemistry, 2025, 50, 103204
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Nanocomposite Multi-Cross-Linked Hydrogels with High Strength, High Stretchability and High Conductivity for Multifunctional Wearable Sensors

Kang Du, Guoqiang Liu, Yuxin Zou, Zhuo Chen, Jinglun Guo, Nan Zhao, Ruisheng Guo, Feng Zhou and Weimin Liu

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2025, 7, 812
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Bioinspired hydrogel tactile sensor via pressure-intensified ion signals with self-healing and anti-frozen capability

Yi-Han Xue, Tian-Run Lv, Huiting Zhang, Ya-Qiong Yang, Ming-Jie Yin and Quan-Fu An

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 515, 163485
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Preparation and characterization of functional dual network hydrogel for motion monitoring in smart bra

Yuan Zeng, Yucheng Wang, Liang Li, Xilin Liao, Shuping Liu, Shujing Li and Rangtong Liu

Polymer, 2024, 313, 127720
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Stretchable, tough, self-healing, antifreezing, and multifunctional nanocellulose-based hydrogel for wearable monitoring of human motion

Kejin Yu, Lina Yang, Siyu Zhang, Ning Zhang and He Liu

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Multi-modulus gradient structured, self-healing, recyclable, self-adhesive capacitive flexible pressure sensor

Tingting Yu, Xiaozhou Lü, Yumeng He and Weimin Bao

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2025, 307, 112976
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Preparation of a strong, tough and sensing cycle stable ionic conductive hydrogel fiber for strain sensor via introduction of syndiotactic polyvinyl alcohol

Jiahao Liu, Yunjian Zhu, Manman Ou, Jun Sun, Jianjun Wang, Chuanxiang Qin and Lixing Dai

Composites Communications, 2025, 53, 102208
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Multi-responsive 3D printable organohydrogel for the fabrication of durable and low-hysteresis flexible sensors

Giorgio Mogli, Ignazio Roppolo, Annalisa Chiappone and Stefano Stassi

Applied Materials Today, 2025, 44, 102675
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Tough Trilayer Composite Hydrogel Inspired by Crocodile Skin Structure for Flexible Sensors

Zijian Gao, Yihan Guo, Shengyu Sun, Xin Guan, Yuan Zhang, Zhixu Yun, Yongqi Yang, Jian Sun, Hailun Ren and Huajing Gao

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2025, 7, 175
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Skin-Conformal DES Hydrogel Electrode with Antibacterial Activity for High-Fidelity sEMG and Strain Sensing in Rehabilitation

You Zhou, Wenfeng Zhai, Shiyu Song, Zhengkai Han, Meng Zhou, Shangqing Yang, Jingying Wang, Yi Wang, Rui Shi and Xinyue Zhang

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2026
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Biomass organohydrogel toward green wearable sensors: Enhancing high and low temperature sensing properties, UV shielding properties, and long-term cycling durability

Ruibing Shen, Qiaoyan Wei, Liangdong Ye, Liling Zhang, Yanyou Huang, Yuling Lv, Ziwei Li, Zuocai Zhang, Xiaokun Han and Shaorong Lu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 529, 172586
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Hoffmeister effect assisted the double-network cellulose hydrogel electrolyte with extreme environmental stability and enhanced conductivity for wearable devices and strain sensors

Rongzheng Wang, Huifang Pang, Renguo Guan and Wenbo Du

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2026, 253, 12
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Ultra-high stretchable, self-adhesive, and self-healable luminescent organogels with excellent anti-freezing and anti-fatigue performances for wearable sensors

Zhuoyou Gao, Hongying Lv, Zhuoer Wang, Jiali Zhang, Yushu Liu, Yajie Li, Fangzheng Zuo and Hongzan Song

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 514, 163344
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Research Progress on Performance Optimization and Biometric Monitoring Applications of PVA-Based Conductive Hydrogel

Zhang San, Li Mou-Si, Zhuge Wu, Cui Xiaojing, Lu Changchang, Yang Haoxin, Zhai Hongpeng, Yang Xinru, Chen Huimin, Guo Aixin and Zhang Hulin

Acta Phys. Sin., 2026, 75, 0
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Conductive hydrogels: Synergistic optimization of structure-property-application in wearable sensors

Ranran Qi, Xinyue Zhi, Xuanxuan Xu, Sirui Liu, Xiaohan Zhang, Yuwei Zhang, Yuqing Xue, Yazi Wang, Si Li, Tingting Jiang and Wenlong Xu

Materials Today Chemistry, 2025, 48, 102936
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Preparation and Application of Ionic Liquid Improved Multifunctional Hydrogel with High Performance as Strain Sensors

Wenjing Zhang, Jie Ren, Minmin Zhang, Ziqiong Zhou, Yan Li and Wu Yang

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2025, 7, 8081
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Smart hydrogels for sensing and biosensing – Preparation, smart behaviours, and emerging applications – A comprehensive review

Devulapalli Revathi, Subhasree Panda, Kalim Deshmukh, Nisha Khotele, V.R.K. Murthy and S.K. Khadheer Pasha

Polymer Testing, 2025, 150, 108912
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Sustainable bioactive films from sericin and carbon quantum dots: A green approach to smart food packaging

Seojin Kim, Jihyeon Kim, Yurim Kim, Juhee Yoon, Hyemin Kim, Hyoseung Lim, Seon-Gyeong Kim, Dawoon Seo, Chaeeun Kim, Hyoung-Joon Jin and Hyo Won Kwak

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2025, 217, 106493
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Chitosan-based self-healing, adhesive and anti-swelling hydrogel for wearable flexible strain sensor

Zijian Gao, Yihan Guo, Xin Guan, Honglei Liu, Wenjun Kang, Zichun Zhao, Yongqi Yang, Jian Sun, Hailun Ren and Zhaohui Jin

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 330, 148098
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Physically crosslinked hydrogel based on silver nanowires with a discontinuous rigid framework for robust, sensitive, antibacterial, and biocompatible flexible sensors

Yilan An, Zheng Zhong, Chuang Guo, Weiwei Cui, Ming Gao, Dongbo Guan and Yanli Dou

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, 705, 135641
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Amphibian-inspired conductive ionogel stabilizing in air/water as a wearable amphibious flexible sensor for drowning alarms

Yubin Feng, Weihang Zhu, Xinting Yang, Zhe Yang, Chenke Wei, Yukai Guo, Andrew K. Whittaker, Chun Shen, Yue Zhao, Wenrui Qu, Bai Yang and Quan Lin

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36, 110554
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Recent progress in stimulus-responsive hydrogel-based sensors for inflammation-associated diagnosis and surveillance

Xueyan Chen, Wanli Song, Huiwen Zhang, Yiwei Xu, Bingcheng Yi and Qihui Zhou

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 506, 159756
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Preparation of cellulose-based three-network ionic gel and its application in human sensor

Ai Liu, Xianghong Li, Wenbiao Xu, Xixin Duan, Junyou Shi and Xiangyu Li

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2024, 205, 106064
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A transparent ionic conductive poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (γ-glutamic acid)/LiCl hydrogel with long-lasting anti-freezing, water retention, self-adhesion, self-healing and self-regeneration for wearable sensors

Chunxia Gao, Jiadong Zhu, Hailin Wu, Jing Chen, Peizhi Zhu and Qiang Gao

Polymer, 2025, 328, 128461
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High-strength self-healing multi-functional hydrogels with worm-like surface through hydrothermal-freeze-thaw method

Liping Li, Wanhui Shi, Yang Yang, Yunzhen Chang, Ying Zhang, Shujie Liu, Sheng Zhu and Gaoyi Han

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2025, 222, 304
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Multi-network hydrogel-based stretchable, self-adhesive, and self-healing self-powered flexible sensors for multi-scale, dynamic and static strain/pressure sensing

Xuecui Song, Jing Guo, Yihang Zhang, Fucheng Guan, Jing Tao, Qiang Yao and Xinbin Ji

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, 708, 136035
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Ultrathin Ionogels and Hydrogels: Materials, Mechanisms, and Emerging Applications

Jinrong Huang, Jiahui Liu, Xin Chen, Jiechun Zhou, Yutian Zhu and Qiuhong Zhang

Journal of Polymer Science, 2025, 63, 3395
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Highly sensitive and self-adhesive iontronic hydrogels: Transformative applications in non-audible speech interface and motion monitoring

Mansoor Khan, Jingwen Dai, Dongsen Wu, Luqman Ali Shah, Daixin Ye, Tanzil Ur Rahman, Fanghua Ning, Jin Yi, Jun Fu and Hyeongmin Yoo

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2025, 46, e01740
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Wearable strain sensor based on double network PVA/SA/CNT hydrogel for reliable electrocardiography and motion monitoring

Yanan Ding, Yuru Hou, Wenjing Liu, Yijian Liu, Qiang Liu, Youli Yao and Da Chen

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