Issue 30, 2024

Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from eggshells via wet chemical precipitation: a review

Abstract

In conjunction with the global trend towards sustainable industry, this review provides a summary of the research endeavors and efforts made in the field of exploiting eggshells in the production of hydroxyapatite (HA). HA is one of the most used biomaterials and has attracted considerable attention over the years towards biomedical applications. As the traditional production of HA from calcium and phosphorus chemical precursors synthetically has bottlenecks of being expensive, complex, time consuming, and results in a low biocompatible product, natural resources have become an attractive alternative option to synthesize HA, with trace elements providing a higher performance. Eggshell, with a growing production annually, is potentially a promising natural resource for HA production. Many studies have used different wet chemical precipitation routes to produce HA with properties comparable to synthetic HA. Thus, this review provides an overview of the various routes that can be used to synthesize HA from eggshells. In this review, the synthesis of HA from eggshells via wet chemical precipitation methods is specifically discussed in term of synthesis parameters and properties of the synthesized HA. This review should aid in choosing the most suitable route for HA production with the optimum parameters for obtaining the desired properties to meet the requirements of biomedical applications such as tissue engineering.

Graphical abstract: Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from eggshells via wet chemical precipitation: a review

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
22 mar 2024
Accepted
23 jun 2024
First published
08 jul 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2024,14, 21439-21452

Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from eggshells via wet chemical precipitation: a review

Z. Kareem and E. Eyiler, RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 21439 DOI: 10.1039/D4RA02198C

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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