Adhesive and tough hydrogels: from structural design to applications

Wanglong Zhang, Yiwei Zhang, Yuchen Zhang, Yu Dai, Fan Xia and Xiaojin Zhang

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2021, 9, 5954
DOI: 10.1039/D1TB01166A

Synthesis of robust yet flexible and transparent CPA hydrogels inspired by molting crab shells

Yamei Zao, Muqiu You, Jieru Ma, Xiaoyu Du, Yongcan Jin, Dagang Li, Zhaoyang Xu and Chuchu Chen

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 2319
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC05711B

Highly conductive hydrogel sensors driven by amylose with freezing and dehydration resistances

Yiyan Gao, Yang Gao, Zhixin Zhang, Yuanrui Wang, Xiuyan Ren, Fei Jia and Guanghui Gao

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 12873
DOI: 10.1039/D2TC02205B

A hydrogel sensor driven by sodium carboxymethyl starch with synergistic enhancement of toughness and conductivity

Yiyan Gao, Zhixin Zhang, Xiuyan Ren, Fei Jia and Guanghui Gao

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, 10, 5743
DOI: 10.1039/D2TB00839D

An ion-conductive honeycomb hydrogel with triple network structures for 3D tactile sensing and interaction

Jiaxin Huang, Yuanyuan Hou, Xiongjun Deng, Muhammad Arshad, Yaser E. Greish, Yanlong Tai, Shanshan Zhu and Da-Zhu Chen

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2025, 13, 14019
DOI: 10.1039/D5TC00570A

Polysaccharide-tackified composite hydrogel for skin-attached sensors

Xinyu Zheng, Yang Gao, Xiuyan Ren and Guanghui Gao

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 3343
DOI: 10.1039/D0TC05589A

Highly Stretchable Starch Hydrogel Wearable Patch for Electrooculographic Signal Detection and Human–Machine Interaction

Shu Wan, Nan Wu, Yizhou Ye, Shunbo Li, Haizhou Huang, Li Chen, Hengchang Bi and Litao Sun

Small Structures, 2021, 2
DOI: 10.1002/sstr.202100105

Recent Advances in Natural-Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Body Movement and Biomedical Monitoring

Jing Liu, Saisai Li, Shuoze Li, Jinyue Tian, Hang Li, Zhifeng Pan, Lijun Lu and Yanchao Mao

Biosensors, 2024, 14, 415
DOI: 10.3390/bios14090415

Natural polymer starch-based materials for flexible electronic sensor development: A review of recent progress

Fengwei Xie

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2024, 337, 122116
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122116

High Performance Double Conductive Network Hydrogel Based on Soaking Strategy for Supercapacitors

Xiaoyu Wang, Xiangdong Wang, Menghan Pi and Rong Ran

Macro Materials & Eng, 2022, 307
DOI: 10.1002/mame.202100652

Highly stretchable, conductive, and self-adhesive starch-based hydrogel for high-performance flexible electronic devices

Rui Chen, Lei Wang, Dan Ji, Mengqing Luo, Zihao Zhang, Guiyan Zhao, Xiaohua Chang and Yutian Zhu

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025, 352, 123220
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123220

Ecofriendly and high-performance flexible pressure sensor derived from natural plant materials for intelligent audible and silent speech recognition

Xuqi Zheng, Bingcheng Yi, Qihui Zhou, Ruijie Xu, Xueqian Liu, Ho-Kun Sung, Leonid Chernogor, Minghui Cao, Zhao Yao, Yang Li and Yuanyue Li

Nano Energy, 2024, 126, 109701
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109701

Recent advances and future challenges of the starch-based bio-composites for engineering applications

Shen Wang, Pengfei Zhang, Yanhui Li, Junru Li, Xinlin Li, Jihua Yang, Maocheng Ji, Fangyi Li and Chuanwei Zhang

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 307, 120627
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120627

Stretchable Organohydrogel with Adhesion, Self-Healing, and Environment-Tolerance for Wearable Strain Sensors

Lingjun Zeng and Guanghui Gao

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15, 28993
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05208

Advances in polysaccharide-based conductive hydrogel for flexible electronics

Yiying Liu, Simian Fu, Kaiming Jin, Yugui Cheng, Yiqi Li, Yunjun Zhao, Ruonan Liu and Ye Tian

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025, 348, 122836
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122836

Emerging Combination of Hydrogel and Electrochemical Biosensors

Lingting Huang, Yuyang Zhou, Xiaoming Hu and Zhen Yang

Small, 2025, 21
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202409711

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol with ionic liquid/graphene oxide enabled highly tough, conductive and freezing-resistance hydrogels for multimodal wearable sensors

Xueting Li, Shiqing Zhang, Xiaonan Li, Lu Lu, Bo Cui, Chao Yuan, Li Guo, Bin Yu and Qingqing Chai

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 320, 121262
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121262

Conductive hydrogel based on dual-network structure with high toughness, adhesion, self-healing and anti-freezing for flexible strain sensor

Ya Wen, Ling Yi Zeng, Xin Chun Wang, Hong Mei Chen, Xiu Chen Li, Hai Liang Ni, Wen Hao Yu, Yue Feng Bai and Ping Hu

Next Materials, 2025, 6, 100436
DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100436

Green double crosslinked starch-alginate hydrogel regulated by sustained calcium ion-gluconolactone release for human motion monitoring

Chun-yan Su, Dong Li, Li-jun Wang and Yong Wang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 455, 140653
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140653

High strength, self‐healing, and anti‐freezing polyurethane ionogel based on multiple hydrogen bonding for wearable strain sensor

Xiao Wen, Junhuai Xu, Haibo Wang, Zongliang Du, Shuang Wang and Xu Cheng

Polymer Engineering & Sci, 2022, 62, 3132
DOI: 10.1002/pen.26090

Strategic synthesis and characterization of starch-based interpenetrating polymer networks for enhanced thermal stability and photophysical properties

Arnab Dutta, Hayden W. McGreal and Ehsan Behzadfar

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 331, 148376
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148376

Multifunctional Biomimetic e-Skin Constructed In Situ on Tanned Sheep Leather as a Multimodal Sensor for the Monitoring of Motion and Health

Yao Yang, Long Wang, Jinwei Zhang, Jin Zhou and Haibin Gu

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2024, 63, 14176
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02197

Amylopectin- assisted hydrogel conductors for multi-modal physiological signal acquisition

Guan Wang, Meijia Liu, Chunpeng Zhang, Shan Xia, Guanghui Gao and Yongfeng Shi

European Polymer Journal, 2024, 207, 112843
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.112843

Ionic conductive amylopectin hydrogels for biocompatible and anti-freezing wearable sensors

Rujun Dai, Yiyan Gao, Yibo Sun, Kai Shi, Guanghui Gao and Huixuan Zhang

European Polymer Journal, 2023, 200, 112496
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112496

Recent Progress on Wearable Sensor based on Nanocomposite Hydrogel

Ke Xu and Changtong Wang

CNANO, 2024, 20, 132
DOI: 10.2174/1573413719666230217141149

From Fluorescence‐Transfer‐Lightening‐Printing‐Assisted Conductive Adhesive Nanocomposite Hydrogels toward Wearable Interactive Optical Information‐Electronic Strain Sensors

Gongmeiyue Su, Ni Wang, Yangkun Liu, Ruoyao Zhang, Zhao Li, Yulin Deng and Ben Zhong Tang

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400085

Multifunctional starch-based eutectogels with high mechanical properties, adhesion, self-healing, fatigue resistance and degradability for flexible wearable sensing

Dadong Sun, Zhihua Xu, Li Guo, Bin Yu, Lu Lu, Bo Cui, Xuemin Kang, Zhijun Zhang, Fanfu Meng, Chenghai Li and Guowei Cai

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2026, 379, 125018
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125018

Simultaneously Stretchable and Compressible Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotube Composites for Motion Monitoring and Human–Computer Interactions

Xinyu Guo, Tianyu Xing and Jiachun Feng

ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2022, 5, 18427
DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04267

A Degradable-Renewable Ionic Skin Based on Edible Glutinous Rice Gel

Shu Tian, Yihang Xing, You Long, Hongshuang Guo, Sijia Xu, Yiming Ma, Chiyu Wen, Qingsi Li, Xinmeng Liu, Lei Zhang and Jing Yang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 5122
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24352

Ambient Dual Cross-Linked Interpenetrating Polymer Hydrogel Networks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential for Wearable Biosensing Devices

Ashwin Velraj, Audri Yasmin Dara, Abhishek Pachauri, Mia Marie Schmidt and Jeffrey Scott Bates

JOM, 2024, 76, 5654
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-024-06770-5

Facile Synthesis of Self-Adhesion and Ion-Conducting 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid/Tannic Acid Hydrogels Using Electron Beam Irradiation

Hee-Woong Park, Nam-Gyu Jang, Hyun-Su Seo, Kiok Kwon and Seunghan Shin

Polymers, 2023, 15, 3836
DOI: 10.3390/polym15183836

A highly stretchable, fast self-healing elastomer with fast, tough, repeatable adhesion

Po Hu, Yana Zhang, Shuai Zhou, Tao Chen, Dong Wang, Tong Liu, Yang Wang, Jiaoyang Chen, Zhifeng Wang, Jianhua Xu and Jiajun Fu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 464, 142543
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142543

A high-conductive, anti-freezing, antibacterial and anti-swelling starch-based physical hydrogel for multifunctional flexible wearable sensors

Lu Lu, Zunxiang Huang, Xiaonan Li, Xueting Li, Bo Cui, Chao Yuan, Li Guo, Pengfei Liu and Qilin Dai

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2022, 213, 791
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.011

Skin-interfaced self-powered pressure and strain sensors based on fish gelatin-based hydrogel for wireless wound strain and human motion detection

Ren Yan, Qizeng Sun, Xuewen Shi, Zhaoqing Sun, Shenxing Tan, Biao Tang, Wenting Chen, Fei Liang, Hai-Dong Yu and Wei Huang

Nano Energy, 2023, 118, 108932
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108932

Influence of photopolymerization on fabrication of double network conductive polysuccinimide based hydrogel: An insight on structure-property correlation

Kunpeng Chang, Zhanwen Wang, Hongliang Wei, Qiaoran Zhang, Gang Wang, Yu Liu, Tao Guo, Meng Yan and Mingxia Lu

Materials Today Communications, 2025, 46, 112803
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.112803

Insights Into Native Starch Quality Improvement in Maize and Its Applications: A Review

Venkatesan Deepika, Firoz Hossain, Vignesh Muthusamy, Krishnamoorthy Iyanar, Natesan Senthil, Kalichamy Chandrakumar, Puja Mandal and Rajasekaran Ravikesavan

Starch Stärke, 2025, 77
DOI: 10.1002/star.70127

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on starch/polyacrylamide/deep eutectic solvent hydrogel for visual and nondestructive detection of methyl parathion on foods

Xueting Li, Yajie Bo, Qichao Ye, Xuemin Kang, Lu Lu, Bo Cui, Fanfu Meng and Chenghai Li

Food Chemistry, 2026, 511, 148790
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.148790

Skin-inspired highly stretchable, tough and adhesive hydrogels for tissue-attached sensor

Xinyu Qu, Siying Wang, Ye Zhao, Han Huang, Qian Wang, Jinjun Shao, Wenjun Wang and Xiaochen Dong

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 425, 131523
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131523

Multiple hydrogen bonds enable high strength and anti-swelling cellulose-based ionic conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors

Yuting Zhang, Xiangyu Lin, Zhuomin Wang, Lei Zhang, Siheng Wang, Zhen Huang, He Liu and Xu Xu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 480, 148318
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.148318

A gelatin-based ionic conductor with a dense/loose alternating network enabled by surface active cellulose

Haocheng Fu, Bin Wang, Jinpeng Li, Li Zhang, Jun Xu, Jinsong Zeng, Wenhua Gao and Kefu Chen

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 490, 151917
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.151917

The formation and performance tuning mechanism of starch-based hydrogels

Jin Zhang, Zihan Liu, Jingxuan Sun, Zhuojun Yao and Hao Lu

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025, 350, 123048
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.123048

High-strength, anti-freeze, transparent and recyclable composite organohydrogel for flexible strain sensor

Zhenchun Li, Peng Liu, Shaowei Chen, Yunwu Yu, Tianwei Li, Ning Tang and Ye Wan

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2023, 190, 105644
DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2023.105644

High-strength, high-sensitive and multifunctional conductive organohydrogel in-situ formed in natural sheepskin fibers network as strain sensors for monitoring human movement and information transmission

Ji Chen, Yao Yang, Jinwei Zhang, Nianhua Dan and Haibin Gu

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, 727, 138132
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.138132

Recent advances in the preparation, characterization, and food application of starch-based hydrogels

Congli Cui, Yunzhu Jia, Qi Sun, Mengting Yu, Na Ji, Lei Dai, Yanfei Wang, Yang Qin, Liu Xiong and Qingjie Sun

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2022, 291, 119624
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119624

Antimicrobial and anti-freezing conductive hydrogels driven by quaternary ammonium chitosan salt for flexible strain sensors

Xi Zhang, Xiangli Kong, Xin Zhou, Yiyan Gao, Yibo Sun, Guanghui Gao, Wei liu and Kai Shi

European Polymer Journal, 2024, 202, 112601
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112601

Induction of polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals in hydrogel nanocomposites to increase anti-swelling, mechanical properties and conductive self-recovery for underwater strain sensing

Yurui Chen, Wei Wu, Xuzhi Cao and Bengang Li

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 274, 133410
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133410

E-Functionalization of Silk-Based Inherent Fiber Structure: Eco-Friendly Two-In-One” Sensors for Flexible Wearable Devices

Huan Liu, Yuhan Huang, Junyao Wang, YuYang Huang, Taipeng Wang, Guangze Gao, Zhida Li, Jianlang Shu and Tinggang Zhang

ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2025, 8, 394
DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c05793

Advanced hydrogel sensing platforms: Rational design, signal transduction mechanisms, and multidimensional applications

Yuan Su, Yangzi Zhang, Ziyi Zhao, Zaihui Du, Chongbin Lei, Qian Yang, Ning Liu, Ruobin Bai, Longjiao Zhu and Wentao Xu

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2026, 559, 217831
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217831

Room Temperature Ca2+-Initiated Free Radical Polymerization for the Preparation of Conductive, Adhesive, Anti-freezing and UV-Blocking Hydrogels for Monitoring Human Movement

Hui Lv, Shiyu Zong, Tong Li, Qian Zhao, Zhiyong Xu and Jiufang Duan

ACS Omega, 2023, 8, 9434
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08097

Recent Progress of Biomaterials-Based Epidermal Electronics for Healthcare Monitoring and Human–Machine Interaction

Ningning Han, Xin Yao, Yifan Wang, Wenhao Huang, Mengjuan Niu, Pengcheng Zhu and Yanchao Mao

Biosensors, 2023, 13, 393
DOI: 10.3390/bios13030393

Flexible hydrogel sensor with excellent antibacterial and low temperature frost resistance

Yibo Sun, Zhe Yu, Yiyan Gao, Xiuyan Ren, Lijie Duan and Guanghui Gao

Polymer, 2023, 283, 126282
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.126282

Overview of Dynamic Bond Based Hydrogels for Reversible Adhesion Processes

Ilaria Condò, Sara Maria Giannitelli, Daniela Lo Presti, Barbara Cortese and Ornella Ursini

Gels, 2024, 10, 442
DOI: 10.3390/gels10070442

Recyclable, high strength and electrical-mechanical self-healing wearable ionic hydrogel sensor

Jincheng Zou, Zhenxuan Yang, Junyi Liang, Yifan Xie, Minmin Fan and Xi Zhang

Polymer, 2024, 315, 127826
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127826

Green flexible electronics based on starch

Huacui Xiang, Zhijian Li, Hanbin Liu, Tao Chen, Hongwei Zhou and Wei Huang

npj Flex Electron, 2022, 6
DOI: 10.1038/s41528-022-00147-x

High-strength, conductive dual-network nanocomposite hydrogel for multi-substrate adhesion and enhanced wearable sensor performance

Nan Lu, Haolin Kang, Yan Lu, Ying Li, Jing Li, Yuhua Xue and Hanxun Qiu

Polymer, 2025, 334, 128743
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128743

Physically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol, phytic acid and glycerol hydrogels for wearable sensors with biocompatibility, antimicrobial stability and anti-freezing

Zheng Wan, Rongfeng Qu, Yibo Sun, Yiyan Gao, Guanghui Gao, Kexin Chen and Tianyi Liu

European Polymer Journal, 2024, 211, 112974
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.112974

Melamine sponge skeleton loaded organic conductors for mechanical sensors with high sensitivity and high resolution

Yufeng Wu, Jianbo Wu, Yan Lin, Junchen Liu, Xiaolong Pan, Xian He, Ke Bi and Ming Lei

Adv Compos Hybrid Mater, 2023, 6
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-022-00581-5

Some Aspects of Using Polymer Materials in Electrical Engineering

Leoš Ondriš and Oľga Fričová

Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica, 2024, 24, 19
DOI: 10.2478/aei-2024-0014

Environment-tolerant versatile ion-conductive eutectic hydrogels for self-powered wearable flexible sensors

Xiaoliang Zou, Xuechuan Wang, Zhongxue Bai, Ouyang Yue, Chao Wei, Long Xie, Huijie Zhang and Xinhua Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 463, 142349
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142349

Non‐Conductive and Conductive Washable Amylopectin‐Mastic Gum Adhesives for On‐Skin Applications

George Al Boustani, Zhuoran Xu, Tetsuhiko F. Teshima, Lukas Bichlmaier, Marta Nikić, Lukas Hiendlmeier, August Sayn‐Wittgenstein, Defne Tüzün, Shigeyoshi Inoue and Bernhard Wolfrum

Adv Materials Technologies, 2024, 9
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202400719

Flexible and wearable strain sensor based on SSt/PAA/G composite hydrogel for human–machine interaction applications

Jinru Liu, Shenghua Lv, Yanlu Mu, Dequan Wei, Ying Chen, Tingxiang He, Jialong She and Leipeng Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 522, 167678
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.167678

Study of double network hydrogels based on sodium methacrylate alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan

Pan Wu, Yaru Fang, Kezhou Chen, Mi Wu, Wenchang Zhang, Shiyu Wang, Dongwen Liu, Junqing Gao, Huaiguo Li, Jianhua Lv and Yan Zhao

European Polymer Journal, 2023, 194, 112137
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112137

Smart Hydrogel Sensors for Health Monitoring and Early Warning

Kang Wang, Junhui Zhang, Heng Li, Jingzhi Wu, Qiwu Wan, Taiju Chen, Wenjing Liu, Hai Peng, Hong Zhang and Yang Luo

Advanced Sensor Research, 2024, 3
DOI: 10.1002/adsr.202400003

Multifunctional acetylated distarch phosphate based conducting hydrogel with high stretchability, ultralow hysteresis and fast response for wearable strain sensors

Yingjie Wang, Linmeng Song, Qi Wang, Lu Wang, Shiya Li, HongChao Du, Chenchen Wang, Yifan Wang, Peng Xue, Wu-Cheng Nie, Xuedong Wang and Shaojian Tang

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 318, 121106
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121106

Recent development of conductive polymer composite‐based strain sensors

Ling Wang, Hao Wang, Qiancheng Wan and Jiefeng Gao

Journal of Polymer Science, 2023, 61, 3167
DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230200

Recent progress of bio-based smart wearable sensors for healthcare applications

Seyedeh Nooshin Banitaba, Sanaz Khademolqorani, Vijaykumar V. Jadhav, Elham Chamanehpour, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Ebrahim Mostafavi and Ajeet Kaushik

Materials Today Electronics, 2023, 5, 100055
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtelec.2023.100055

Amylopectin based hydrogel strain sensor with good biocompatibility, high toughness and stable anti-swelling in multiple liquid media

Yan Gao, Yi Wang, Yuyin Dai, Qi Wang, Peng Xiang, Yinghua Li and Guanghui Gao

European Polymer Journal, 2022, 164, 110981
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110981

Stretchable, anti-freezing and self-healing zwitterionic polyacrylate hydrogels for flexible wearable sensors

Zhengyuan Zhou, Naibing Li, Haoran Cao, Xi Luo, Yongnan Zhou, Tianchi Zhou, Lu Cai and Jinli Qiao

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 85, 367
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.06.002

Strong and tough conductive hydrogels via an amphiphilic macromolecular crosslinker for flexible strain sensor

Guoqing Cui, Chaojie Chen, Yuanlong Li, Li Liu and Guangfeng Wu

European Polymer Journal, 2024, 213, 113108
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113108

Stretchable Semi-Interpenetrating Carboxymethyl Guar Gum-Based Composite Hydrogel for Moisture-Proof Wearable Strain Sensor

Jiao Yan, Li Wang, Chunxia Zhao, Dong Xiang, Hui Li, Jingjuan Lai, Bin Wang, Zhenyu Li, Hongsheng Lu, Hongwei Zhou and Yuanpeng Wu

Langmuir, 2023, 39, 1061
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02725

High-Sensitivity and Extreme Environment-Resistant Sensors Based on PEDOT:PSS@PVA Hydrogel Fibers for Physiological Monitoring

Wanhui Shi, Ziwei Wang, Hua Song, Yunzhen Chang, Wenjing Hou, Yanping Li and Gaoyi Han

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 35114
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09556

Acetylated Distarch Phosphate-Mediated Tough and Conductive Hydrogel for Antibacterial Wearable Sensors

Yiyan Gao, Yang Gao, Zhixin Zhang, Fei Jia and Guanghui Gao

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 51420
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16025

“Soaking-in-water” strategy stimulated starch/poly(vinyl alcohol)-based flexible hydrogel with heterogeneous network for highly sensitive underwater wearable sensor

Xueting Li, Rongtong He, Xingxun Liu, Andreas Blennow, Qichao Ye, Bingbing Hong, Xiaonan Li, Lu Lu and Bo Cui

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2024, 41, e01049
DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01049

Self-Healing and Freeze-Resistant Boat-Fruited Sterculia Seed Polysaccharide/Silk Fiber Hydrogel for Wearable Strain Sensors

Xiaokun Han, Tianyun Lu, He Wang, Zuocai Zhang and Shaorong Lu

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2023, 11, 13756
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03887

Multifunctional Adhesive Hydrogels: From Design to Biomedical Applications

Shaoxin Tang, Keru Feng, Rui Yang, Yang Cheng, Meiyue Chen, Hui Zhang, Nianyuan Shi, Zhao Wei, Hui Ren and Yufei Ma

Adv Healthcare Materials, 2025, 14
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202403734

Facile fabrication and characterization of double network starch/PVA/NaCl composite hydrogel for flexible strain sensor

Yongzhu Zhou, Zhenbang Xie, Fuqi Wu, Jilong Qin, Xiaohan Zhang, Jie Zhang, Xiaosi Ma, Lirong Fan, Xi Wang, Juanjuan Wang, Tingfeng Tan and Conghua Lu

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2025, 208, 106163
DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106163

Fishing net-inspired PVA-chitosan-CNT hydrogels with high stretchability, sensitivity, and environmentally stability for textile strain sensors

Zhongwei Guo, Xing Xu, Jingjiang Qiu, Wenlong Yu, Shiqiang Zhang, Junfu Li, Yihong Zhu, Junxia Lu, Qiulei Gao, Bangbang Nie, Yudong Zhang, Guochen Qi, Wen Wang, Xiang Zhang, Liying Jiang and Ronghan Wei

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 282, 137576
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137576