The role of metal–organic porous frameworks in dual catalysis

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a valuable group of porous crystalline solids with inorganic and organic parts. Their various features make them suitable for applications in a wide range of fields, particularly in energy-related uses. Catalysis is one of the powerful applications of MOFs that clearly shines because each of the sections of the framework, namely the metal node, organic linker, functional groups and guest species, can act as catalytic active sites. In this review, to further the discovery of MOF-based catalysts, we discuss the role of MOFs in dual catalysis in detail, which has not been reviewed until now. The related contents in this field have been classified as follow: design of MOFs, types of MOF catalysis and their importance along with some examples and applications. Our review shows some of the present opportunities and challenges with these hybrid inorganic–organic solids with dual catalysis.