A robust and biodegradable hydroxyapatite/poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) electrospun membrane for dura repair

Abstract

Typically occurring after trauma or neurosurgery treatments, dura mater defect and the ensuing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage could lead to a number of serious complications and even patient's death. Although numerous natural and synthetic dura mater substitutes have been reported, none of them have been able to fulfill the essential properties, such as anti-adhesion, leakage blockage, and pro-dura rebuilding. In this study, we devised and prepared a series of robust and biodegradable hydroxyapatite/poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (nHA/PLCL) membranes for dura repair via an electrospinning technique. In particular, PLLA/PCL (80/20) was selected for electrospinning due to its mechanical properties that most closely resembled natural dural tissue. Studies by SEM, XRD, water contact angle and in vitro degradation showed that the introduction of nHA would destroy PLCL's crystalline structure, which would further affect the mechanical properties of the nHA/PLCL membranes. When the amount of nHA added increased, so did the wettability and in vitro degradation rate, which accelerated the release of nHA. In addition, the high biocompatibility of nHA/PLCL membranes was demonstrated by in vitro cytotoxicity data. The in vivo rabbit dura repair model results showed that nHA/PLCL membranes provided a strong physical barrier to stop tissue adhesion at dura defects. Meanwhile, the nHA/PLCL and commercial group's CSF had a significantly lower number of inflammatory cells than the control groups, validating the nHA/PLCL's ability to effectively lower the risk of intracranial infection. Findings from H&E and Masson-trichrome staining verified that the nHA/PLCL electrospun membrane was more favorable for fostering dural defect repair and skull regeneration. Moreover, the relative molecular weight of PLCL declined dramatically after 3 months of implantation, according to the results of the in vivo degradation test, but it retained the fiber network structure and promoted tissue growth, demonstrating the good stability of the nHA/PLCL membranes. Collectively, the nHA/PLCL electrospun membrane presents itself as a viable option for dura repair.