Biogenic amine sensors using organic π-conjugated materials as active sensing components and their commercialization potential

Abstract

An overview of biogenic amine sensors using organic π-conjugated active layers is presented. Biogenic amines are released from decomposing food stuffs, in particular meat and fish, and thus the detection of such off gasses can help minimize food waste and prevent the consumption of spoiled foods, reducing illnesses. The creation of real-time food monitoring sensors may replace best before dates and increase the efficiency and effectiveness in how humans treat food. Owing to the importance of this topic, numerous efforts have been put forth to develop biogenic amines sensors. A sub-section includes those based on organic conjugated materials, versatile compounds that can undergo changes to electronic structures upon interaction with the amines. This short review summarizes key findings in the development of colorimetric and fluorescent sensors based upon organic molecules, organic polymers, and covalent organic frameworks. Additionally, some electrochemical sensors are highlighted, of which use organic polymers and carbon nanomaterials in radio-frequency identification, chemiresistive and field-effect transistor-based devices.