Novel palladium-based nanomaterials for multifunctional ORR/OER/HER electrocatalysis

Abstract

With the growing demand for sustainable energy, research on electrocatalysis is attracting more attention in the fabrication of clean energy devices (e.g., fuel cells, electrolyzers, and metal–air batteries). The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are the most significant electrocatalytic reactions requiring highly active and stable catalysts to address the cost, performance, and durability issues. This review summarizes novel palladium-based nanomaterials for multifunctional ORR/OER/HER electrocatalysis in both acidic and alkaline media. The mechanism of electrocatalytic reactions and the challenges of the Pd-based catalysts are demonstrated. To solve the problems, researchers' strategies include but are not limited to alloying design, single-atom catalyst design, hybrid nanomaterial fabrication, interface engineering, etc. Finally, the advantages of Pd-based nanomaterials are summarized and their prospects for high activity and stable electrocatalysis are proposed.