Issue 10, 2023

Biomass-derived carbon sponges for use as sodium-ion capacitor electrodes

Abstract

S-doped carbon sponges have been synthesized via an eco-friendly approach based on a salt-templating strategy followed by an easy S-doping process. Gluconic acid was chosen as a sustainable carbon precursor, sodium carbonate as a low toxicity, water-removable template, and sulfur as an environmentally benign, earth-abundant S-dopant. These carbon sponges are characterized by a 3D structure of thin interconnected carbon walls with a highly disordered structure, dilated mean interlayer spacing (d > 0.36 nm) and high content of electrochemically active covalent sulfur (up to 13% by weight, mainly as thiophene groups). As a result of these properties, they provide high sodium storage capacity at both low and high discharge rates: 524 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 161 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1. A Na-ion capacitor was assembled with the S-doped carbon sponges with optimized sodium storage performance as the negative electrode and a gluten-derived highly porous 3D carbon (SBET ∼ 2600 m2 g−1) as the positive electrode. The sodium-ion capacitor with an optimized positive-to-negative electrode mass ratio of 1 can be steady cycled with low capacity fade of 0.0022% per cycle, and is able to deliver a high specific energy of 72 W h kg−1 under a high-power regime (24.4 kW kg−1).

Graphical abstract: Biomass-derived carbon sponges for use as sodium-ion capacitor electrodes

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
02 mar 2023
Accepted
14 apr 2023
First published
14 apr 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2023,7, 2378-2389

Biomass-derived carbon sponges for use as sodium-ion capacitor electrodes

S. Payá, N. Díez and M. Sevilla, Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2023, 7, 2378 DOI: 10.1039/D3SE00273J

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