Issue 18, 2019

Catalytic hydrogenation of dihydrolevoglucosenone to levoglucosanol with a hydrotalcite/mixed oxide copper catalyst

Abstract

Levoglucosanol (LGOL) is a critical intermediate for the bio-based production of hexane-1,2,5,6-tetrol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, and 1,6-hexanediol. Here we report on the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of cellulose-derived dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene™) to LGOL using a calcined and reduced heterogeneous copper/hydrotalcite/mixed oxide catalyst, denoted as Cu8/MgAlOx-HP. The turnover frequency for LGOL conversion over this copper-containing catalyst is equal to 0.013 s−1 at 353 K as measured in a flow reactor which is half the one obtained using 0.4 wt% Pd/Al2O3. Moreover, while Cu8/MgAlOx-HP shows a stable activity, the activity of 0.4 wt% Pd/Al2O3 decreases with time-on-stream. Neither Cu- nor Al-leaching is observed (resp. <1 ppb and <1 ppm) but Mg leaching can be seen (5.5 ppm). The latter leaching relates to the acidity of the Cyrene/H2O mixture (pH 3.5–4.5 range), which is due to the occurrence of the geminal diol moiety of Cyrene, an acidic species. In contrast, additional and consecutive oxidation and reduction of the catalyst leads to a gradual decrease in activity over time. Applying still further oxidation/reduction cycles to this catalyst tends to decrease its activity with some overall stabilization being observed from the fourth run onwards. Mg-leaching is shown to change the relative meso-to-macro pore content, but leaves the total pore volume unchanged between the fresh and the spent catalyst. In spite of the high copper loading (8 wt%), small Cu-nanoparticles (2–3 nm) are present over the hydrotalcite/mixed oxide surface of the Cu8/MgAlOx-HP material, and these particles do not aggregate during the hydrogenation reaction.

Graphical abstract: Catalytic hydrogenation of dihydrolevoglucosenone to levoglucosanol with a hydrotalcite/mixed oxide copper catalyst

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
13 feb 2019
Accepted
24 máj 2019
First published
20 aug 2019
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Green Chem., 2019,21, 5000-5007

Catalytic hydrogenation of dihydrolevoglucosenone to levoglucosanol with a hydrotalcite/mixed oxide copper catalyst

M. De bruyn, C. Sener, D. D. Petrolini, D. J. McClelland, J. He, M. R. Ball, Y. Liu, L. Martins, J. A. Dumesic, G. W. Huber and B. M. Weckhuysen, Green Chem., 2019, 21, 5000 DOI: 10.1039/C9GC00564A

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