A “Turn-On” fluorescent probe for sensitive and selective detection of fluoride ions based on aggregation-induced emission

Abstract

Based on the fluorophore of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe PBT towards F⁻ was investigated. “Turn-On” fluorescence type signaling was realized by employing fluoride-selective cleavage of the latent thiophosphinated probe in mixed aqueous media. The probe is designed in such a way that the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of the HBT moiety becomes blocked. The chemodosimetric approach of F⁻ to the probe results in the recovery of the ESIPT by removal of a free AIE-active HBT moiety through a subsequent hydrolysis process. The F⁻ detection limit of the probe was 3.8 nM in the dynamic range of 0.5 μM to 10 μM. In addition, the proposed probe has been used to detect F⁻ in water samples and toothpaste samples with satisfying results.