Intracellular distribution and stability of a luminescent rhenium(I) tricarbonyl tetrazolato complex using epifluorescence microscopy in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging

J. L. Wedding; H. H. Harris; C. A. Bader; S. E. Plush; R. Mak; M. Massi; D. A. Brooks; B. Lai; S. Vogt; M. V. Werrett; P. V. Simpson; B. W. Skelton; S. Stagni

doi:10.1039/C6MT00243A

Intracellular distribution and stability of a luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl tetrazolato complex using epifluorescence microscopy in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging†

J. L. Wedding,^a H. H. Harris,

*^a C. A. Bader,^b S. E. Plush,^b R. Mak,^c M. Massi,*^d D. A. Brooks,^b B. Lai,^e S. Vogt,^e M. V. Werrett,^d P. V. Simpson,^d B. W. Skelton^f and S. Stagni^g

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Australia
E-mail: hugh.harris@adelaide.edu.au

^b School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

^c School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia

^d Department of Chemistry, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
E-mail: M.Massi@curtin.edu.au

^e Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA

^f Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009 WA, Australia

^g Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” – University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy

Abstract

Optical epifluorescence microscopy was used in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging to monitor the stability and intracellular distribution of the luminescent rhenium(I) complex fac-[Re(CO)₃(phen)L], where phen = 1,10-phenathroline and L = 5-(4-iodophenyl)tetrazolato, in 22Rv1 cells. The rhenium complex showed no signs of ancillary ligand dissociation, a conclusion based on data obtained via X-ray fluorescence imaging aligning iodine and rhenium distributions. A diffuse reticular localisation was detected for the complex in the nuclear/perinuclear region of cells, by either optical or X-ray fluorescence imaging techniques. X-ray fluorescence also showed that the rhenium complex disrupted the homeostasis of some biologically relevant elements, such as chlorine, potassium and zinc.

This article is part of the themed collection: Imaging Metals in Biology

Metallomics

Intracellular distribution and stability of a luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl tetrazolato complex using epifluorescence microscopy in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging†

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