Structural effects of alkali-metals on the B12 skeleton

Abstract

After an exhaustive exploration of the potential energy surface of B₁₂E⁻ and B₁₂E₂ (E = Li–Cs) systems, it was found that for the anionic series, a cage-type and a quasi-planar structure (very similar to the naked B₁₂ cluster) compete to be the putative global minimum. For neutral systems, competition arises between the quasi-planar cluster and a double-ring with the alkali-metals on the highest-symmetry axis. The chemical bonding analyses show that for the entire series, the interaction, predominantly electrostatic, is essentially indistinguishable regardless of the alkali-metal and insufficient for determining the isomeric preference. The isomerization energy decomposition analysis (IEDA) reveals that in the anions, the structural change in the lighter complexes is possible because of the relatively low energy required for the boron skeleton deformation, as opposed to the case of heavy metals. In the case of the neutral systems, the factor determining one isomer over the other corresponds to that of the energy deformation of the alkali-metal dimer.