Molecular-level design and green process engineering: optimizing pseudo-graphitic domains in pitch-derived hard carbon for fast sodium storage

Dan Zhao, Hanqing Zhao, Lingwei Kong, Shulian Lei, Boyan Cui, Tingjun Fu and Zhong Li

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 6156
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Interfacial chemistry regulation by orbital hybridization for superior kinetics of hard carbon in an ester-based electrolyte

Lu Liu, Jianhua Zhu, Guohui Chen, Zhuosen Wang, Liu Wang, Chengkun Guo, Yunfeng Chao, Xinwei Cui and Caiyun Wang

Chem. Sci., 2025, 16, 17630
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Green upcycling of retired asphalt into “vortex-crosslinked” carbon anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Danqing Li, Xin He, Linlin Wang, Mei Ding, Chunhui Gao and Chuankun Jia

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 14944
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Sodiation-driven amorphous Co-based species in slope-dominated hard carbon with ultralong cycling life for sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

Ziyang Jia, Yibo Wang, Xi Chen, Lili Liu, Lijun Fu, Yuhui Chen, Xinhai Yuan, Xinbing Cheng, Faxing Wang and Yuping Wu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 16132
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Cu- and P-co-doped nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbon for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in zinc–air batteries

Zhongyuan Rong, Mengwei Li, Yijie Deng and Haibo Tang

Dalton Trans., 2025, 54, 5685
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Key factors influencing the plateau region in N-doped hard carbon for sodium storage

Xingqi Chang, Xiaolong Zhou, Pornsuwan Buangam, Nuntaporn Kamonsutthipaijit, Sarayut Tunmee and Andreu Cabot

EES Batteries, 2025, 1, 1583
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Ultrafast Zn2+ diffusion and exceptional stability in self-assembled 2D VS2/Ti3C2TX heterostructures for advanced zinc-ion batteries

Rajesh R. Jaiswar, Harishchandra S. Nishad, Diwakar Singh, Shashikant P. Patole and Pravin S. Walke

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2026, 14, 6663
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A “grafting technique” to tailor the interfacial behavior of hard carbon anodes for stable sodium-ion batteries

Yu Sun, Daxian Zuo, Chengrong Xu, Bo Peng, Jing-Chang Li, Jie Yang, Sheng Xu, Xinyi Sun, Haoshen Zhou and Shaohua Guo

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 1911
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Synchronously reconfiguring closed pore and interlayer spacing of wood-derived hard carbon via hot-pressing for advanced sodium-ion batteries

Yangyang Chen, Yu Liao, Yiding Ding, Ying Wu, Lei Li, Sha Luo, Yan Qing, Zhihan Li, Zhen Zhang and Yiqiang Wu

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 8143
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Phosphorus–nitrogen dual-doping engineering in hard carbon microspheres for enhanced sodium-ion storage

Yuanqi Ding, Yanan Cui, Zhonglei Du, Quanxiu Liu, Yuan Li, Pengbo Liu, Menghan Zhan, Dehong Chen, Yaodi Zhu, Lingbo Zong, Pavel Novikov, Sardor Donaev, Munavvar Iskandarova, Nuritdin Amirkulov, Lei Wang and Bin Li

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2026, 14, 7465
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Cardanol biomass-derived hard carbon: a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Weichen Li, Xiang Zheng, Luchao Yue, Zhi Wang, Chaohong Shi and Jing Tang

Dalton Trans., 2026, 55, 1207
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Fabrication of pitch-derived hard carbon via bromination-assisted pyrolysis strategy for sodium-ion batteries

Mengke Liu, Zhe Zhang, Xinghua Han, Jihao Wu and Juan Yang

Nanoscale, 2025, 17, 8118
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Flame-retardant polymer-enabled space-confined carbonization toward quasi-spherical hard carbon for high-rate sodium storage

Zhuzhu Du, Conghao Yu, Lei Liu, Jinmeng Sun and Wei Ai

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2026, 13, 2582
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Advanced cobalt-based hierarchical and gradient armor catalysts for high-performance Li–S batteries over a wide temperature range

Yiding Li, Siqi Wang, Yujun Fu, Ruoan Li, Han Guo, Chengtian Lv, Xiaoqiang Yin, Zhibo Yang, Dequan Liu and Deyan He

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, 12, 14343
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Pushing slope- to plateau-type behavior in hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries via local structure rearrangement

Feng Wang, Lian Chen, Jiaqi Wei, Caozheng Diao, Fan Li, Congcong Du, Zhengshuai Bai, Yanyan Zhang, Oleksandr I. Malyi, Xiaodong Chen, Yuxin Tang and Xiaojun Bao

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 4312
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Achieving high-capacity sodium insertion of coal-based hard carbon anodes via closed-pore modification

Xinyue Chen, Penggao Liu, Ting Wang, Chunrong He, Wei Song, Jinjin Ban, Shasha Gao and Kaiyu Liu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 20650
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Illuminating the multi-stage sodium storage mechanisms in high-rate porous hard carbon: mechanistic insights from a pore architecture

Yulin Mao, Yueyang Wang, Yuyang Zhao, Qingyuan Li, Guoxing Sun and Guichuan Xing

New J. Chem., 2025, 49, 5589
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Sodium cluster-driven safety concerns of sodium-ion batteries

Jiaping Niu, Junyuan Dong, Xiaohu Zhang, Lang Huang, Guoli Lu, Xiaolei Han, Jinzhi Wang, Tianyu Gong, Zheng Chen, Jingwen Zhao and Guanglei Cui

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 2474
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Biological pretreatment of bamboo biomass toward hierarchical carbon architectures for high-rate sodium storage

Dan Lu, Suxiang Li, Wang Wang and Yuxiang Huang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 40831
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An enhanced three-stage model for sodium storage in hard carbons

Enis Oğuzhan Eren, Evgeny Senokos, Ernesto Scoppola, Zihan Song, Markus Antonietti and Paolo Giusto

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 7859
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A bidirectional interfacial engineering strategy for highly stable sodium metal batteries

Xiaomin Yang, Long Wang, Minghui Zhao, Lingxiao Peng, Yun Wu, Baohua Zhu, Le Chen and Jinliang Li

Chem. Sci., 2025, 16, 17703
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Prediction of discharge performance of hard carbon materials for high-performance sodium-ion batteries based on machine learning

Tianshuang Qi, Xiong Zhang, Kai Xiong, Haiping Yang, Shihong Zhang and Hanping Chen

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 17748
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Nanoconfinement-induced high-rate performance of hard carbon for densified sodium cluster storage

Lian Chen, Fan Li, Kaiyang Liu, Feng Wang, Zhengshuai Bai, Yanyan Zhang and Yuxin Tang

Chem. Sci., 2026, 17, 5616
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Simultaneously enabling superior ICE and high rate/cycling stability with a hollow carbon nanosphere anode for sodium-ion storage

Dengke Liu, Yuqian Qiu, Yuxuan Du, Jiaying Yang, Xiaohan Jing, Xu Peng, Qiang Song and Fei Xu

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 16695
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Isomers of terephthalate derivatives as anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Mei Tang, Kangkang Jia, Guandie Ma, Fei Wu, Yunjie Xiang, Qiulin Li, Qianwei Chen, Yuansheng Luo, Maowen Xu and Shu-Juan Bao

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 5103
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Low-temperature sodium-ion batteries: challenges, engineering strategies, safety considerations, and future directions

M. Sai Bhargava Reddy, Daecheol Jeong, Shampa Aich and Vilas G. Pol

EES Batteries, 2025, 1, 1444
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Phenolic resin-derived hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries: insights and prospects

Zeyu Zhu, Jinlin Pan, Binghao Wu, Qiang Li, Weixiang Li, Jingui Duan and Ya-Xia Yin

Chem. Commun., 2026, 62, 45
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Overview of electrochemical competing process of sodium storage and metal plating in hard carbon anode of sodium ion battery

Hanyu Zhou, Yihang Song, Boyang Zhang, Huanting Sun, Iqbal Ahmed Khurshid, Yanqiang Kong, Lei Chen, Liu Cui, Dongyue Zhang, Weijia Wang, Lijun Yang and Xiaoze Du

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 71, 103645
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Graphitic seeding strategy enables superior ICE, high capacity and rate capability in hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Xiaohan Jing, Dengke Liu, Jiaying Yang, Haitong Liu, Jiangan Wang, Zhylinski Valery and Fei Xu

Carbon, 2026, 247, 121040
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Acid-mediated compositional regulation in biomass-derived hard carbon: Engineering precursor microstructure toward enhanced sodium storage performance

Xinyu Li, Chenchi Zhang, Guofeng Chang, Junyi Wang, Wei Dong, Changliang Wang, Yifeng Guo, Xiaodong Hong, Xu Zhang, Ding Shen and Shaobin Yang

Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 141, 119442
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Starch as a Closed Pore Regulator to Boost the Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Rate Performance of Wood-Derived Hard Carbon Anodes

Yan Zhang, Liyuan Li, Huilin Li, Chenyang Guo, Zhen Xie and Feng Huo

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025
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Sulfonation-crosslinking enabled thiophenic sulfur anchoring and tailored porosity in hard carbon anodes for high-rate sodium-ion storage

Chengyan Yue, Weitong Pan, Bing Wei, Lili Zhao, Longfei Tang, Lu Ding, Xueli Chen and Fuchen Wang

Carbon, 2026, 254, 121481
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Multi‐Scale Architecture Regulation of Hard Carbons for High‐Efficiency Sodium Storage Across Ambient and Subzero Conditions

Huadong Suo, Zhonghui Chen, Chaozhong Liu, Xinhua Yan, Shanshan Xu, Zixu Sun, Hua Kun Liu, Shi Xue Dou and Bo Song

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2026, 65
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A general synthesis strategy of 3D hierarchically porous biomass-derived carbon for sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

Yan Song, Yan Lin, Renqing Guo, Shuai Shao, Peiyuan Zhang, Jianbo Wu and Xiaohua Huang

Electrochimica Acta, 2025, 539, 147029
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Recent advances in the preparation strategies and performance optimization of hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Wangbing Wang, Gaoyun Liu, Niyizhen Wu, Wenhua Zhang, Xuelong He, Guodong Xu and Zhe Chen

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 139, 118910
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Atomic Zn Embedded Subnanopore‐Rich Hard Carbon Fibers Toward Highly Reversible Quasi‐Metallic Li/Na Storage

Tong Jin, Xinyu Zhang, Kexin Liu, Shuai Yuan, Qian Xu, Weiwei Pang, Dahuan Liu, Yindong Liu, Xue Yang and Le Yu

Adv Funct Materials, 2025
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Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Applications

Bingying Pei, Haiqing Yu, Lei Zhang, Guozhao Fang, Jiang Zhou, Xinxin Cao and Shuquan Liang

Advanced Materials, 2025, 37
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Tailoring Pseudo‐Graphitic Domain by Molybdenum Modification to Boost Sodium Storage Capacity and Durability for Hard Carbon

Yaqin Zhou, Yuanlang Wang, Chunyan Fu, Ji Zhou, Yijian Song, Shangyong Lin, Shuquan Liang, Shuang Zhou and Anqiang Pan

Small, 2024, 20
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Tuning the Mesopore Structure of Polyethylene Glycol Terephthalate (PET)-Derived Hard Carbon for High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Batteries

Chupeng Wang, Mingsheng Luo, Shiqi Song, Maochong Tang, Xiaoxia Wang and Hui Liu

Materials, 2025, 18, 1166
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Closed-pore engineering of hard carbon via three-stage pyrolysis toward high initial coulombic efficiency in sodium-ion batteries

Minghui Zhao, Xiaomin Yang, Zihan Yang, Xingqiao Wu, Huan Li, Le Chen, Jingtai Zhao, Wentao Zhang and Jinliang Li

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 526, 171208
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Achieving Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance of Hard Carbon via Rational Modification of a Starch Precursor

Lihong Zhang, Nuo Chen, Shangjun Zhang, Yuehang Han, Wensheng Gao and Yongxiao Bai

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 13861
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MOF-derived Na3V2(PO4)3-carbon@graphene fibers for flexible fiber-shaped sodium ion battery

Xiaoxuan Ma, He Zhang, Ying Liu, Wenning Yan, Chao Chen and Kun Zhang

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2024, 975, 118740
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Double functionalization strategy: Using acetate metal salt as medium to optimize hard carbon

Junjie Huang, Sicheng Liu, Enmin Li, Binghan Dai, Tianming Lu, Jinhan Teng, Yue Wu, Xin Tang, Luyu Lei, Dongdong Yin, Kaibo Zhang and Jing Li

Carbon, 2025, 234, 119981
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Low-temperature synthesis of straw-derived hard carbon via molten salt for high-capacity sodium-ion storage

Chenwen Ruan, Xiang Cao, Zhiseng Cui, Lei Huang, Shihao Yuan and Ke Li

Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 148, 120038
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Graphitic Lattice‐Induced Microcrystalline Engineering of Two‐Dimensional Coal‐Based Hard Carbon Materials for High‐Performance Sodium Storage

Heng Yang, Changyu Leng, Qian Li, Hong Xiao, Nannan Guo, Qingtao Ma, Mengjiao Xu, Lili Ai and Luxiang Wang

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Progress in optimizing the application strategy of SEI membranes for HC sodium ion batteries

Junjun Zhou, Bingchuan Li, Lingling Xie, Qing Han, Xuejing Qiu, Xiaoyu Cao and Limin Zhu

Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 104, 114443
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Elemental regulation and ultra-micropore defects engineering for enhancing low-potential Na+ storage in biomass-derived hard carbon

Guopan Ren, Yide Qiao, Jiamin Jing, Jiahang Tian, Xu Wang, Guangjun Lv, Yuhang Wang, Yan Liu, Qiang Tan and Yuanzhen Chen

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 80, 104367
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From waste to anodes: Constructing high-performance carbon spheres from industrial wastewater for sodium-ion batteries

Xiaohua Zhang, Qi Li, Fubo Zhang, Hengxiang Li, Xinxin Zhao, Xiaoyan Yan and Jin Guo

Diamond and Related Materials, 2025, 160, 113075
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Evaluation of Sasa kurilensis Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon as a Promising Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Polina A. Marmaza, Oleg O. Shichalin, Zlata E. Priimak, Alina I. Seroshtan, Nikita P. Ivanov, Grigory P. Lakienko, Alexei S. Korenevskiy, Sergey A. Syubaev, Vitaly Yu. Mayorov, Maria A. Ushkova, Eduard A. Tokar, Roman I. Korneikov, Vadim V. Efremov, Alexy V. Ognev, Eugeniy K. Papynov and Ivan G. Tananaev

J. Compos. Sci., 2025, 9, 668
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Unveiling the Role of Local Atomic Configurations of Tin on Enhanced Na Storage for Carbon Anode Materials

Chong Wang, Gaoxu Han, Zhouyang Qin, Zheng‐Hong Huang, Wanci Shen, Feiyu Kang and Ruitao Lv

Small, 2025, 21
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Synergistic engineering of closed pores and oxygenic groups via vapor-phase carbon deposition for hard carbon anodes with high initial Coulombic efficiency in sodium-ion batteries

Jinzhu Zhu, Wenliang Feng, Qingqing Ren, Shaoze Zhang, Xulei Sui and Zhenbo Wang

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2026, 311, 113285
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Sulfuric acid treatment to control the microcrystalline structure of starch-based hard carbon for sodium storage

Shibo Liu, Zhisong He, Changrui Lu, Xiaozhi Yuan, Qi Wan, Xijun Wei, Tingxing Zhao, Hongbo Li and Yingze Song

Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 102, 114213
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Electrochemically in situ formed rocksalt phase in titanium dioxide determines pseudocapacitive sodium-ion storage

Dafu Tang, Ruohan Yu, Yalong Jiang, Jiantao Li, Zerui Yan, Sicheng Fan, Xiaojuan Huang, Sungsik Lee, Tianyi Li, Qingshui Xie, Liqiang Mai, Dong-Liang Peng and Qiulong Wei

Nat Commun, 2025, 16
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Elucidation of the Sodium-Ion Storage Behaviors in Hard Carbon Anodes through Pore Architecture Engineering

Wenbin Jian, Xueqing Qiu, Huaican Chen, Jian Yin, Wen Yin, Husam N. Alshareef and Wenli Zhang

ACS Nano, 2025, 19, 22201
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Highways Construction in Amorphous Carbon Anode Enables 10C Fast‐Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Haizhou Liu, Ying Xu, Shuhao Xiao, Manyi Xie, Shufan Jia, Lin‐Bo Huang, Yu‐Jie Guo, Wen‐Peng Wang and Yu‐Guo Guo

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2026, 65
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Hard carbons prepared by a salt-assisted hydrothermal method as anodes for the sodium-ion battery

Shuo LIU, Wei ZHOU, Xue-dan SONG, Chang YU and Jie-shan QIU

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Oxygen-bridging and air-etching: Advanced pore-regulation engineering in hard carbons for optimized low-voltage plateau capacity

Lixin Bai, Juan Chen, Yi Zhang, Zheng Yi, Yuansen Xie, Maowen Xu and Yuruo Qi

Nano Energy, 2025, 135, 110692
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Engineering Pore Architecture in Hard Carbon for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Distinguishing the Contributions of Ultramicropores and Closed Pores

Qingjuan Ren, Jianzeng Yang, Peng Zhang, Liang He, Zhongyu Sun, Ruirui Hao and Zhiqiang Shi

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
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Rationally regulating pore structures of porous carbon anodes by sulfur-doped carbon coating for high-rate sodium-ion storage

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Applied Surface Science, 2025, 702, 163359
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Functional group-engineered crosslinking for high-performance sodium storage of biomass-derived hard carbon

Yandong Xie, Sishi Li, Shiyin Xie, Yulong Zhang, Ziqiang Fan, Yuecong Chen, Jian Zhu, Qingyun Dou and Xingbin Yan

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 111651
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Hard Carbon in Alkali Metal Ion Batteries

Ping Lin, Laibing Wang, Xiuli Wang, Yu Zhong and Jiangping Tu

ChemistryEurope, 2026, 4
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Low‐Defect Carbon Host Enabling Robust Zero‐Excess Sodium Metal Batteries Without Presodiation

Xu Peng, Rong Zhuang, Yimeng Han, Yuxuan Du, Xinren Zhang, Dengke Liu, Duo Weng, Wei Fan, Yue Ma, Jiangan Wang, Hongqiang Wang and Fei Xu

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Design and Optimization of Iron‐Based Superionic‐Like Conductor Anode for High‐Performance Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Zihao Li, Yuanze Meng, Liying Wang, Xijia Yang, Yue Yang, Xuesong Li, Yi Jiang, Yang Gao and Wei Lü

Small Methods, 2025, 9
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Scalable synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbons from waste hemp hurd with enhanced sodium-ion and potassium-ion storage capabilities

Daniel Antorán, Darío Alvira, Víctor Sebastián and Joan J. Manyà

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2025, 194, 107633
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Unveiling Dominant Processes of Na Cluster Formation and Na‐Ion Diffusion in Hard Carbon Nano‐Pore: A DFT‐MD Study

Che‐an Lin, Huu Duc Luong, Ryoma Sasaki and Yoshitaka Tateyama

Advanced Energy Materials, 2026, 16
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Polydopamine‐Assisted Synergistic Regulation of Surface Chemistry and Pore Architecture in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Carbons for High‐Power Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Derui Kong, Ning Sun, Zhaoxin Yu, Shujie Zhou, Xue Li, Razium Ali Soomro and Bin Xu

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Coal-derived boron and phosphorus co-doped activated carbon with expanded interlayer space for high performance sodium ion capacitor anode

Danyang Zhao, Jianjun Ni, Tianlin Li, Yongzhi Li, Qing Yin, Bin Xiao, Qingkun Meng, Yanwei Sui and Jiqiu Qi

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 677, 120
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Ameliorating the sodium storage performance of hard carbon anode through rational modulation of binder

Haihan Zhang, Leqian Song, Siyuan Lin, Zhenxin Huang, Chengyong Shu, Yongliang Ma, Zexun Tang, Xiaowei Wang, Wei Tang and Yuping Wu

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 73, 103796
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Molecular Descriptor‐Directed Microstructural Regulation of Asphalt‐Derived Hard Carbons for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Yingdan Cui, Feng Wang, Jin Yang, Lian Chen, Yanyan Zhang, Wujun Zhang, Ningyuan Zhang, Huibo Wang, Yanbin Shen and Yuxin Tang

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2026
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High‐Crystallinity Wrinkled Hard Carbon via Molecular‐Level Anchoring Glucose Molecules with Cooperative‐Assembly of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Yanni Wang, Wenwen Li, Chengxiang Huang, Zhou Jiang, Fuxi Liu, Xinyan Zhou, Wei Zhang and Weitao Zheng

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Unlocking plateau capacity of coal-derived hard carbon with tailored microcrystal structure via induced-catalytic engineering for sodium-ion batteries

Fengcui Cheng, Meiyun Wang, Zhicheng Ju, Jiangmin Jiang, Yaowen Xing and Xiahui Gui

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 519, 165512
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Compositional Engineering to Tailor Pseudographitic Microstructure of Hard Carbon for Enhanced Sodium Storage

Yueying Li, Yuyang Gao, Fengxuan Wu, Weijia He, Mingyao Wang, Chen Lu, Wei Hua, Huanhuan Sun and Jian‐Gan Wang

Chemistry A European J, 2026
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Review on the Application of Nanocarbon Materials for Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries

Zhouqing Xue, Shijie Yang, Shuo Zhang, Liyun Xing, Sangyoung Lee, Ho Seok Park, Chong Yan and Jiaqi Huang

Energy Mater Adv, 2025, 6
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Regulating ultramicropores and closed-pores in starch-derived hard carbons for efficient sodium ion storage

Jiao Xie, Hao Ai, Kaifeng Du and Ruitao Lv

Carbon, 2026, 247, 121077
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Zinc-regulated hard carbon as a sodium-ion battery anode material

Zhenqi Song, Yanjiao Ma, Ke Wang, Chengyu Liu, Aojie Wu, Xinbing Cheng, Tao Wang, Faxing Wang, Yuan Ma and Yuping Wu

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 640, 236798
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Ultra-stable sodium-ion batteries enabled by single-atom tailoring of microbial hard carbons

Guilin Feng, Xiaohong Liu, Xiaoming Tu, Wen Xi, Hanying Wang, Lei Zhou, Chen Wu, Panpan Dong, Chunliu Xu and Weiqing Yang

Materials Today, 2026, 96, 103296
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Molecular engineering of pore structure/interfacial functional groups toward hard carbon anode in sodium-ion batteries

Yu Liu, Jian Yin, Ruiyao Wu, Hu Zhang, Rui Zhang, Ruiqiang Huo, Jingxin Zhao, Kai-Yang Zhang, Jiao Yin, Xing-Long Wu and Hui Zhu

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 75, 104008
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Micropore-modulated graphitization for the construction of high-capacity hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries

Zhihua Duan, Xiaoji Ye, Jingxun Chen, Jieqi Chen, Jiakun Li and Zhenghui Li

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 114, 115674
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Phosphorus-transfer-induced self-healing of carbon layers for precise modulation of hard carbon defects and closed pores

Yiduo Liu, Shuai Dai, Xiaohui Huang, Yilun Zhao, Shuaiqi Liu, Yinglong Xu, Hao Guo, Yuyue Gao, Chang Sun, Jingjing Hao, Zeming Liu, Haiyan Wang, Ling Liu and Qinghan Meng

Carbon, 2025, 245, 120821
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Closed‐Pore Engineering Based on Spatiotemporally Partitioned Radical Editing for High‐Performance Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Jialiang Yuan, Guokan Liu, Chi Wang, Fang Wan, Lang Qiu, Yao Xiao, Zhenguo Wu and Xiaodong Guo

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
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Critical Role of Potential‐Driven Charge Effects in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium Storage

Xin Tan, Qianxiong Wen, Li Zhong, Dan Lu, Chun Wu, Xingqiao Wu, Sean C. Smith, Shulei Chou and Liangzhi Kou

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Boosting the plateau capacity via phosphoric acid cross-linking strategy for phenolic resin-based hard carbon

Xiaoqi Yu, Xiaoyu Xu, Hanyu Wei, Haiyan Liu, Ang Li, Xiaohong Chen and Huaihe Song

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 526, 171103
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Research progress on carbon-based anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Guoqing Li, Hailing Ma, Yao Tong, Hongxu Wang, Yang Luo, Edison Huixiang Ang, Sivasambu Bohm, Ahmed A. Ibrahim and Ahmad Umar

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 107, 114977
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Multi boron-doping effects in hard carbon toward enhanced sodium ion storage

Peng Zheng, Wang Zhou, Ying Mo, Biao Zheng, Miaomiao Han, Qin Zhong, Wenwen Yang, Peng Gao, Lezhi Yang and Jilei Liu

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2025, 100, 730
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Dual regulation of structure and interface enabled high-rate and high-capacity hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries

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Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Mediated Micropore Activation and Structure Disorder in Hard Carbon for High-Capacity Sodium Storage

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Regulating the microstructure of cross-linked starch-derived hard carbon for highly reversible sodium-ion storage

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Revealing the intrinsic structure-property relationship in hard carbon during (de)sodiation: Insights from direct atomic simulations with neural network potentials

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Curvature engineering unlocks low-potential sodium storage in hard carbon

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Synergistic Engineering of Closed Pores Regulation and In Situ Defects Repair in Anthracite‐Based Hard Carbon Toward Superior Sodium Storage Performance

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Acylation‐assisted N, O dual‐doped hierarchical porous hard carbon with enhanced kinetics for Na‐ion and K‐ion storage

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Enhanced phase-transfer kinetics achieved by atomic iron catalysts on hard carbon toward low-temperature sodium-ion batteries

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Synergistic microstructure regulation of coal tar pitch based‑carbon by pre-oxidation and iodine treatment for its high-plateau-capacity sodium storage

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Establishing structure-property relationships grounded in oxidation strategy engineering to unravel the triggering mechanism of Na+ filling in hard carbon closed pore

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Deciphering thermal failure mechanism of Sodium-Ion battery with O3-phase layered cathode

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Synergistic modification and advanced processing: high-performance Na2+2xFe2-x(SO4)3 cathodes enabled by spray-drying and CNTs/Mg2+ co-strategy

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Regulating the Nanosheets Structures in Pitch‐Derived Amorphous Carbons for Efficient Sodium‐Ion Storage

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Rapid Formation Strategy for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Unraveling the intercorrelation between pseudo-graphitic phase and Li+/Na+ migration behavior in semicoke-based carbon anodes

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Revealing Effect of Aggregation Structure of Plant Precursors on Rate Performance of Carbon Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Preparation of amylase-modified bamboo-based hard carbon for high-performance sodium-ion batteries and study of sodium storage mechanism

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Nano‐Restricted Structures in Hard Carbon Anodes: Mechanisms and Optimization

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Multi‐Scale Architecture Regulation of Hard Carbons for High‐Efficiency Sodium Storage Across Ambient and Subzero Conditions

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Tailored Regulation of Graphite Microcrystals via Tandem Catalytic Carbonization for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Hard Carbon in the Low‐Voltage Plateau

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Graphitization Induction Effect of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Storage

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Design of cross-linked hard carbon with high initial coulombic efficiency for sodium-ion batteries anode

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Diffusion-restricted volatile release drives secondary cracking to engineer low-surface-area hard carbon

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Catalyst‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Engineering of Hard Carbon with Abundant Closed Pores for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Molecular Oxidative Cross-Linking Engineering of Low-Cost Pitch to Hard Carbon Anodes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

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Hydrothermal temperature-tuned microstructure engineering of pitch-based hard carbon for superior sodium-ion batteries

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In Situ Reconstruction of Pseudographitic Carbon Microcrystallites With Rich Closed Nanopores for Extended Sodium Plateau Storage

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A roadmap toward high-performance hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries:From fundamental studies on synthesis and mechanism to practical application

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Progress of research on carbon-based anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

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Mildly-catalytic mediation of pseudographitic domain to boost hard carbon toward advanced sodium storage

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Comprehensive Understanding of Closed Pores in Hard Carbon Anode for High-Energy Sodium-Ion Batteries

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Synergistic enhancement of sodium storage in bamboo-derived hard carbon via Ni nanoparticle incorporation and P-doping

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Soft carbon coating mitigates initial coulombic efficiency loss and low Na+ storage of bamboo-derived hard carbon

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Perovskite-type Bi3TiNbO9 two-dimensional metal oxide as negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteries

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Molecular Descriptor‐Directed Microstructural Regulation of Asphalt‐Derived Hard Carbons for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Programming asphalt-derived carbon microstructures via oxygen-induced precursor restructuring for alkali-ion battery anodes

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Reinventing the High‐rate Energy Storage of Hard Carbon: the Order‐degree Governs the Trade‐off of Desolvation‐Solid Electrolyte Interphase at Interfaces

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Regulating the active hydroxyl group of starch: Revealing the evolution of hard carbon structure and sodium storage behavior

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Covalent Quantum Bridging Enables Bicontinuous Electron–Ion Highways in Hard Carbon for Ultrafast Sodium Storage

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Recent Advances of High‐Rate Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Correlations Between Performance and Microstructure

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Discarded sulfuric acid paper-derived hard carbon as high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries

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Synergistic regulation of closed pore architecture and interface engineering in hard carbon for high energy density sodium-ion batteries

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Data-driven intelligent carbonization unifies diverse biomass into high-performance hard carbon negative electrodes

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Nat Commun, 2026
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Reed-based hard carbon spheres with controlled interlayer spacing: Citric acid pretreatment strategy enhances the performance of sodium-ion battery anodes

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Industrial Crops and Products, 2026, 240, 122738
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Surface Reforming of Hard Carbon During Battery Rest for Enhanced Sodium Storage

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Non-graphitic carbon with controllable microstructure prepared from lignite based on air-oxidation for high-performance sodium-ion battery anode

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Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 108, 115204
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Engineering of Closed Pores and Transport Channels in Polymer-Derived Hard Carbon via Chemical Vapor Deposition for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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ACS Nano, 2026
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Tuning the disordered microdomains in hard carbon via nitrogen doping for high-performance sodium storage

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Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 523, 168490
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Sequential Dual‐Phase Oxidation Engineered Structure of Pitch‐Derived Hard Carbon towards Improved Sodium‐Ion Storage

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Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2026, 10
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Intrinsic pre-sodiation of lignin-based ultrafine carbon fibers for sodium-ion battery anode

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 319, 145541
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Research on the Controlled Synthesis of Phenolic Resin‐Based Carbon Microspheres and Their Sodium Storage Behavior

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ChemistrySelect, 2025, 10
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Upcycling asphaltene via graphite-assisted air pre-oxidation for high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes

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Storage Failure Mechanism of Sodium‐Ion Full Cells: Unsteady Structural Transformation and Interfacial Chemical Reconstruction

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Advanced Energy Materials, 2026, 16
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Dual-element synergy driven breakthrough in sodium storage performance of phenolic resin-based hard carbon

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Carbon, 2025, 238, 120269
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Natural Gluten Binder Enabling High‐Performance Hard Carbon Anode in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Synergistic Ultramicropore-Confined and Electronic-State Modulation Strategies in Sustainable Lignin-Derived Hard Carbon for Robust Sodium-Ion Batteries

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Fast electron boosting by surface functionalization on foldable electrodes for potassium-ion hybrid capacitors

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Revisiting sodium storage mechanisms in closed-pore hard carbons: nucleation vs. clustering under potential-driven charge effects

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Joule heating for structure reconstruction of hard carbon with superior sodium ion storage performance

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Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 496, 154103
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Precise Control of the Graphitic Microcrystal Morphology and Pore Structure in Carbon Nanocoils for Highly‐Efficient Sodium Storage

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Adv Funct Materials, 2025
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O‐Targeted Carbon Hybrid Orbital Conversion to Produce sp2‐Rich Closed Pores for Sodium‐Storage Hard Carbon

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Micropore filling and sodium cluster formation in optimized hard carbon for robust sodium storage

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Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2025, 108, 118
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Surface engineering driven performance optimization of hard carbon for sodium ion storage

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Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 111112
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Crosslinking modification of starch improves the structural stability of hard carbon anodes for high-capacity sodium storage

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Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 678, 1142
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Boron-doping P2/O3 biphasic Na0.95Mn0.6Ni0.4O2 for high performance cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries

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Insight into the Role of Closed‐Pore Size on Rate Capability of Hard Carbon for Fast‐Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Constructing rough-walled closed pore structure via in-situ gas etching enables ultrahigh-rate performance of hard carbon anode

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Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 88, 105050
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Precisely Tunable Instantaneous Carbon Rearrangement Enables Low‐Working‐Potential Hard Carbon Toward Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Enhanced Energy Density

Junjie Liu, Yiwei You, Ling Huang, Qizheng Zheng, Zhefei Sun, Kai Fang, Liyuan Sha, Miao Liu, Xiao Zhan, Jinbao Zhao, Ye‐Chuang Han, Qiaobao Zhang, Yanan Chen, Shunqing Wu and Li Zhang

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Regulating local defect energy states of O3 type layered cathode materials for better sodium ion batteries

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Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2026, 703, 139260
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Scalable Steam‐Assisted Pyrolysis for Hard Carbon Anodes Toward High‐Performance Alkali‐Ion Storage

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The Origin, Characterization, and Precise Design and Regulation of Diverse Hard Carbon Structures for Targeted Applications in Lithium-/Sodium-/Potassium-Ion Batteries

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Critical Role of Ultra‐Microporous Tunnel Structure Within Hard Carbon in Boosting Sodium‐Ion Storage

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Cobalt-mediated microcrystalline engineering of starch-derived hard carbon for fast-charging sodium-ion batteries

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Enabling ultrafast Na+ diffusion kinetics via short-range-ordered and few-layered pitch-derived hard carbon towards high-rate sodium-ion batteries

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Deciphering the Role of Oxygen‐Containing Functional Groups in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Hollow Carbon Spheres from Nano to Micron Sizes Derived from MOFs and Polystyrene for Sodium-Ion Storage

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Tuning Porous Carbon into Hard Carbon via an SN2 Reaction for Enhanced Sodium Storage

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Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Resin Curing Forming a Dense Cross-Linked Network on Bamboo: Toward High-Performance Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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Batteries, 2026, 12, 20
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Fractal dimension revealed from SAXS as a descriptor of structural disorder in hard carbon anodes of sodium ion battery

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Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 111124
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Improving the performance of hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries by coating with molybdenum disulfide nanosheets

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Pre-oxidation strategy converting non-caking coal from soft carbon to hard carbon for enhanced sodium storage

Zehe Deng, Xiaomin Ma, Feng Jiang, Xianshu Dong, Deng Li, Hongbo Zhang and Wang Lu

Fuel, 2026, 405, 136446
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Fluorinated sodium aluminate main conducting salt boosting sodium storage of hard carbon

Hongyue Xu, Chuanchuan Li, Ling Ni, Xiaofan Du, Bin Xie, Jinzhi Wang, Zili Cui, Li Du, Wenting Deng, Jingwen Zhao, Jiangwei Ju, Gaojie Xu and Guanglei Cui

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 70, 103445
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Improving sodium ion storage performance by heteroatom strategy with nitrogen and sulfur doping carbon sheets

Litong Zhang, Zhiling Chou, Huimin Zhang, Xiangmei Wang and Xin Xiao

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 111, 115412
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Molecular-level biomass composition and crosslinking regulation towards hard carbon with high initial Coulombic efficiency for sodium-ion battery

Yandong Xie, Sishi Li, Shiyin Xie, Yulong Zhang, Ziqiang Fan, Yuecong Chen, Jian Zhu, Qingyun Dou and Xingbin Yan

Sci. China Mater., 2025, 68, 2408
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Engineering Pseudo-Graphite-Dominated Hard Carbon as Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Hesheng Yu, Xi Liu, Ziheng Zhang, Yu Wu, Daiqian Chen, Jinri Huang, Yuping Wu, Yuanfu Chen and Jiarui He

ACS Energy Lett., 2025, 10, 4342
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Ternary deep eutectic solvent-Mediated rapid extraction of highly crystalline cellulose enabling closed-Pore regeneration of hard carbon anode for ultrafast sodium storage

Yunfei Shen, Bojian Fan, Yuhang Xin, Qingbo Zhou, Yingshuai Wang, Hui Zhou, Kunyu Zhao, Feng Wu and Hongcai Gao

Carbon, 2025, 243, 120594
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Accelerated cross-linking of petroleum pitch for efficient hard carbon synthesis: a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Lantao Liu, Chengshuang Gao, Qian Xu, Songhe Yin, Zishuai Liu, Yongfeng Li and Weiwei Pang

Phys. Scr., 2026, 101, 075921
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All climate and fast-charging sodium-ion pouch cell

Hao Zhang, Xinyue Xu, Hui Yang, Jie Xu, Nan Wang, Junxi Zhang and Yongjie Cao

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 692, 137450
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Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications

Chun Wu, Wenjie Huang, Yinghao Zhang, Qinghang Chen, Li Li, Yajun Zhang, Xingqiao Wu and Shu-Lei Chou

eScience, 2025, 5, 100371
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Unveiling a two-stage closed-pore formation mechanism in bamboo-derived hard carbons for high-plateau-capacity sodium-ion battery anodes

Zhenbing Sun, Zhenrui Li, Yujun Li, Zhihui Wang, Haifeng Zuo, Lin Zhao and Xinge Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 521, 167011
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Design and scaling hybrid hard carbon electrodes to balance energy and power performance in Sodium-ion batteries

K. Bhawana, Manoj Gautam, Govind Kumar Mishra, Dhruv Kumar and Sagar Mitra

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 655, 237963
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Surface Reforming of Hard Carbon During Battery Rest for Enhanced Sodium Storage

Bixian Zhong, Jun Pan, Yanhong Liu, Ruiying Chai, Binghan Jin and Jian Yang

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Tuning Hard Carbon Pores at the Ångstrom Scale Facilitates Sodium‐Ion Pre‐Desolvation in High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Ying He, Feiyan Yu, Kuhang Liu, Lishun Bai, Yue Liu, Chengjun Liu, Huidong Niu, Jinhao Xu, Keli Bu, Jingwen Zhao, Zhi Chang and Haoshen Zhou

Advanced Energy Materials, 2026, 16
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Unveiling the role of intrinsic defects in N/S Co-Doped hard carbon for superior sodium-ion batteries

Yunlei Yang, Chang Liu, Junjun Yao, Zhenqi Tang, Ying Sun, Kun Zhang, Hui Li, Tianyi Ma and Jieshan Qiu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 503, 158441
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Nonmetal Substitution in Interstitial Site of O3‐NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Induces the Generation of a Nearly Zero Strain P2&O3 Biphasic Structure as Ultrastable Sodium‐Ion Cathode

Lai Yu, Xiaoyue He, Bo Peng, Feng Wang, Nazir Ahmad, Yongkuan Shen, Xinyi Ma, Zongzhi Tao, Jiacheng Liang, Zixuan Jiang, Zhidan Diao, Bowen He, Yuhu Xie, Bing Qing, Chao Wang, Yifei Wang and Genqiang Zhang

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
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Preparation and Sodium Storage Performance of Soft Carbon‐Deposited Coconut Shell‐Derived Carbon Materials

Wei Dong, Chenchi Zhang, Qiming Chang, Xinyu Li, Guofeng Chang, BoCong Xu, Junyi Wang, Yifeng Guo, Ding Shen and Shaobin Yang

ChemistrySelect, 2026, 11
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Research on low-temperature sodium-ion batteries: Challenges, strategies and prospect

Xia Qiu, Yaxin Chen, Yujiao Sun, Yirong Wang, Zhantao Liang, Gaoyu Zhou, Yunfei Xue, Liluo Shi, Jiangmin Jiang, Xiangkai Kong, Quanchao Zhuang and Zhicheng Ju

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 72, 103760
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Regulating the Pore Structure of Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon for an Advanced Sodium-Ion Battery

Zheng Tang, Rui Liu, Dan Jiang, Siqi Cai, Huanhuan Li, Dan Sun, Yougen Tang and Haiyan Wang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 47504
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Bifunctional metal-organic coordination interface induced elastic (Cu-F/S, Na-F/S)-rich SEI on hard carbon for durable sodium-ion batteries

Jun Luo, Minghao Xue, Keming Song, Zhengkun Xie, Weisheng Meng, Wenbin Li, Xindan Li, Xiaoniu Guo, Junmin Ge, Longfei Wen and Weihua Chen

Sci. China Chem., 2025, 68, 2059
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Oxidation‐Induced Molecular Structural Transformations in Pitches with Different Softening Points Toward High Performance Sodium Storage

Wenwen Yang, Ying Mo, Wang Zhou, Biao Zheng, Guoku Liu, Mohd Zieauddin Kufian, Zurina Osman, Peng Gao, Jianfang Wu, Yan Duan, Rui Tang and Jilei Liu

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Revealing the Effect of Curvature Structure in Hard Carbon Anodes for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries

Xin Feng, Feng Wu, Yanke Fu, Ying Li, Yuteng Gong, Xiaoyue Ma, Ping Zhang, Chuan Wu and Ying Bai

Small, 2025, 21
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Recent progress in hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries: A systematic literature network analysis

Ziqiang Yang, Chuanxiang Zhang, Fenghai Li, Baolin Xing, Yaojie Zhang, Xiaoxiao Qu, Jia Yu and Lang Xu

Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 145, 119901
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Synthesis, storage mechanism and optimization of “slope-dominated” carbons for sodium-ion batteries

Zinan Wu, Kunxuan Liu, Rong Chen, Wei Zhang and Guo-Ming Weng

Carbon, 2025, 234, 119985
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Performance evaluation and failure analysis of Na3.5Fe2.5(PO4)1.5P2O7‖hard carbon sodium-ion batteries: Implications for large-capacity full-cell configurations

Jinhan Teng, Kaibo Zhang, Binghan Dai, Luyu Lei, Sicheng Liu, Tianming Lu, Junjie Huang, Fangmin Yang, Hao Li, Xin Tang and Jing Li

Energy, 2025, 323, 135844
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4.2 V O3‐Layered Cathodes in Sodium‐Ion Pouch Cells Enabled by an Intermolecular‐Reinforced Ether Electrolyte

Xinke Cui, Shuicen Ding, Yaoshen Niu, Hongkang Wang, Yaxiang Lu, Yongsheng Hu and Weijiang Xue

Advanced Materials, 2025, 37
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Dynamic Sodiation‐Driven Pore Reconstruction for Superior Initial‐Coulombic‐Efficiency and High‐Rate in Xylose‐Based Hard Carbon Anode

Runyi Zhou, Siyuan Peng, Zhi Wang, Yong Zhao, Chuang Bao, Yongyao Xia, Yihan Zhu, Huachao Yang, Zheng Bo and Qian Yu

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Pre-construction gas nanochamber strategy: Producing hard carbon rich in closed pores and sp2-C for sodium-ion batteries

Yong Qian, Yuxiao Lin, Jinwei Tian, Wei Xia, Xianya Li and Ning Lin

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 75, 104092
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Recent progress on hard carbon-based anode for sodium-ion battery

Lantao Liu, Qian Xu, Songhe Yin, Zishuai Liu, Yongfeng Li and Weiwei Pang

Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 615, 235116
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Partial Oxidation Strategy Toward Carbonyl‐Dominated Surfaces for Enhanced Sodium Storage in Biomass‐Derived Hard Carbon

Zhen Yang, Yifu Zhang, Huiwen Zhou, Miao Cui, Yi Zhong, Tao Hu, Qiushi Wang and Changgong Meng

Carbon Neutralization, 2025, 4
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Universal Bulk Pre‐Oxidation Strategy for Programming High‐Performance Pitch‐Derived Hard Carbon Anodes

Shuaipeng Liu, Xiang Wang, Yangyang Chu, Minli Luo, Jinlin Pan, Binghao Wu, Ya‐Xia Yin and Sailong Xu

Small, 2025, 21
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Metal Ion Catalysis within Hard Carbon Synthesis and Electrode Interface Engineering for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Xiaoyue Ma, Ping Zhang, Xin Feng, Chao Yang, Ying Li, Feng Wu, Chuan Wu and Ying Bai

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Phosphorus-induced defect engineering in hard carbon for high-initial coulombic efficiency and fast-charging sodium-ion storage

Shaojie Zhang, Yuhao Chen, Xiaoqia Fu, Junhan Pan, Xiaoyi Wang, Baoshan Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Yu Cao, Haochen Gong, Siyu Fang, Xinpeng Han, Xu Liang, Shuo Liu, Cheng Liu and Jie Sun

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2026, 117, 591
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Advancements in the Research of Biomass‐Based Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Fangying Zhou, Ying Yang, Lei Zhang, Xueyi Guo and Qinghua Tian

ChemSusChem, 2026, 19
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Unlocking High‐Energy, High‐Power, and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries Through Interfacial‐Functionalization‐Induced Sodium Rebalancing

Jinhan Teng, Luyu Lei, Kaibo Zhang, Qiangwang, Sicheng Liu, Fangmin Yang, Hao Li, Xin Tang and Jing Li

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Tuning graphitization degree of hard carbon for high-performance sodium-ion storage

Zhibin Liu, Zihan Yang, Jinliang Li and Wenbo Yue

Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 135, 118410
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Reinventing the High‐rate Energy Storage of Hard Carbon: the Order‐degree Governs the Trade‐off of Desolvation‐Solid Electrolyte Interphase at Interfaces

Meiqi Liu, Zhou Jiang, Xiangyu Wu, Fuxi Liu, Wenwen Li, Detian Meng, Aofei Wei, Ping Nie, Wei Zhang and Weitao Zheng

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Critical Role of Potential‐Driven Charge Effects in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium Storage

Xin Tan, Qianxiong Wen, Li Zhong, Dan Lu, Chun Wu, Xingqiao Wu, Sean C. Smith, Shulei Chou and Liangzhi Kou

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
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Polymer-Based Hard Carbons with Enhanced Initial Coulombic Efficiency for Practical Sodium Storage

Zhao Chen, Yue Zhou, Zhen-Yang Lu, Zi-Qiang Zeng, Zhuo Li, Zi-Yi Chi, Yong Yan, Cheng-Wei Liu and Wen-De Xiao

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2025, 64, 7349
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A Designed High-Entropy Sulfide-Based Nanoporous Heterojunction for Fast, Durable, and High-Capacity Sodium Storage

Naixuan Ci, Xianke Yue, Yinghe Zhang, Boxuan Cao, Lijie Ci, Guoqiang Xie, Xingjun Liu, Kolan Madhav Reddy and Hua-Jun Qiu

Nano Lett., 2026, 26, 332
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Interlayer Spacing Engineering of Cellulose-Derived Hard Carbon for Enhanced Na+ Diffusivity and Optimized Na+ Storage in Anode Materials

Yicheng Du, Bowen Chen, Jiao Xie and Kaifeng Du

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2025
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Highways Construction in Amorphous Carbon Anode Enables 10C Fast‐Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Haizhou Liu, Ying Xu, Shuhao Xiao, Manyi Xie, Shufan Jia, Lin‐Bo Huang, Yu‐Jie Guo, Wen‐Peng Wang and Yu‐Guo Guo

Angewandte Chemie, 2026, 138
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Unveiling the Critical Role of Pre‐Hydrothermal Effect in Plant Biowaste‐Derived Hard Carbon for Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Life in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Muhammad Ishaq, Maher Jabeen, Yu‐Shi He, Haiying Che, Wei Xu, Shuzhi Zhao, Yixing Shen, Linsen Li and Zi‐Feng Ma

Advanced Energy Materials, 2025, 15
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From Lab to Application: Challenges and Opportunities in Achieving Fast Charging with Polyanionic Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Xueying Lu, Shuqiang Li, Yu Li, Feng Wu, Chuan Wu and Ying Bai

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
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Boosting the sodium storage capacity of floral spherical tungsten disulfide/nitrogen-doped carbon composites anode through sodium alginate binder

Guangsheng Dong, Zhida Yang, Binbin Gao, Zihao Zhu, Tao Zhou, Lu Tao and Wenjun Dong

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 695, 137722
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Tremendously excess Na-storage capacity of Sb@C anode towards high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Xiang Ding, Weiwu Yuan, Yong Fan, Yuhong Chen, Yibing Yang, Liangwei Liu and Lili Han

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 505, 159402
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Waste asphalt-derived hard carbon assisted by biomass templating for sodium-ion batteries

Danqing Li, Xin He, Linlin Wang, Yinghao Zhang, Xingqiao Wu, Mei Ding, Chunhui Gao, Yang Gao and Chuankun Jia

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 522, 167350
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Regulating the Nanosheets Structures in Pitch‐Derived Amorphous Carbons for Efficient Sodium‐Ion Storage

Haizhou Liu, Ying Xu, Shuhao Xiao, Wanli Wang, Lin‐Bo Huang, Shufan Jia, Yu‐Jie Guo, Ying Zhang and Yu‐Guo Guo

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Pitch‐derived Soft and Hard Carbon Materials for Practical Sodium‐ion Batteries

Xingyu Liu, Qiqi Li, Qi Wei, Jinhao Pan, Jiashuo Wu, Su Zhang, Bin Wang, Ning Cao and Han Hu

Chemistry A European J, 2025, 31
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Modulating the closed pore structure of biomass-derived hard carbon anode for high-performance sodium storage

Gang Tang, Ying Liu, Dan Guo, Xinyi Wang, Peng Xiao and Yunhuai Zhang

Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 146, 120098
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New insights into the effects of atomic-scale disordered structures in hard carbon anodes on Na diffusion behaviors: A DFT study

Wanru Jia, Zonglin Yi, Hongtao Yu, Weiyan Hou, Lijing Xie, Fangyuan Su, Gongling Hui, Yonggang Chang, Wei Xie and Cheng-Meng Chen

Surfaces and Interfaces, 2025, 62, 106175
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Nitrogen-Doped Bioderived Mesoporous Hard Carbon as a Promising Anode for Long-Life Sodium-Ion Battery

Anupam Patel, Raghvendra Mishra, Rupesh Kumar Tiwari, Anurag Tiwari, Samriddhi, Shitanshu Pratap Singh, Vikas Yadav and Rajendra Kumar Singh

Energy Fuels, 2024, 38, 11262
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Microcrystalline reconfiguration assisted pore structure regulation towards high performance coal-derived hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Zeren Zhou, Zhijiang Wang, Yixiang Zhang, Qiaoyan Lin, Qinghe Jing, Shouqing Yan, Jie Guo, Yong Shuai and Lishuang Fan

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2025, 303, 112562
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Engineered microstructure design of petroleum asphalt-derived hard carbon via dual chemical modification: process optimization for advanced sodium-ion battery anodes

Yulong Li, Yin Yang, Haonan Fang, Chen Zhang, Ting Xiao, Zhuang Ma, Qi Zhang, Chuanlei Qi, Shengping Li and Xinlong Ma

Chemical Engineering Science, 2025, 318, 122143
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Degradation mechanism and direct regeneration of hard carbon anodes from spent 75 Ah sodium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage

Yan Li, Hui Wang, Kai-hang Wang, Rui-ze Dong, Qing-qing Li, Chun Chen, Tao Zhang, Yu Yuan, Xin-qi Hao, Ke-hua Dai, Guo-sheng Shao and Jing Mao

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 84, 104824
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Unraveling the effect of the microstructure of agricultural waste plants-derived hard carbons on the sodium storage performance

Jianping Liao, Haijie Qiu, Peiqi Zhou, Jiahui Chen, Jianjun Xue, Xiaoyang Zhao and Junmin Nan

Fuel, 2024, 376, 132664
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Facile construction of capsule-shaped Fe7S8@C with superior pseudocapacitance for sodium/potassium ion storage

Dujuan Li, Bingwen Fang, Chengyun Wang, Zheng Li, Anwei Zhang and Xijun Xu

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2026, 703, 139060
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Confined graphitization of cellulose polymorphs enables high-performance piezoresistive electronics

Zhijiang Li, Guozhuo Chen, Jingzhuo Guan, Chengling Huang, Zhiying Gao, Xiang Chen, Hou-Yong Yu and Yannan Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 523, 168681
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Performance degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies of hard carbon anode and solid electrolyte interface for sodium-ion battery

Ruoxue Qiu, Dakai Ma, Hui Zheng, Mingquan Liu, Junming Cai, Wei Yan and Jiujun Zhang

Nano Energy, 2024, 128, 109920
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Hard carbon engineering via pyrolysis heating rate: tailoring amorphous and porous structure for highly reversible sodium-ion storage

Rutong Yang, Jian Yin, Yu Liu, Hu Zhang, Rui Zhang, Ruiqiang Huo, Chen Yang, Danfeng Li, Jiao Yin, Feng Yu and Hui Zhu

Carbon, 2026, 249, 121238
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Insights into the Dynamical Sodium Occupancy Evolution and Rate-Limiting Steps in Hard Carbon

Ying Ge, Yanling Qiu, Jianxin Han, Shahid Mirza, Hao Liu, Guiming Zhong, Qiong Zheng, Zhangquan Peng and Xianfeng Li

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 39537
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Revealing the blocking effect of hemicellulose on the formation of closed pores in reed-derived hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries

Zhouhao Fu, Dan Jiang, Zheng Tang, Zhi Tang, Jia Zhou, Rui Liu, Huanhuan Li, Dan Sun, Yougen Tang and Haiyan Wang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 505, 159431
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Spatial configuration engineering of phenolic resins to tune the closed pores of hard carbon for enhanced plateau-capacity sodium storage

Liewen Guo, Chuang Qiu, Haiyan Liu, Renlu Yuan, Xiaotian Li, Xin Li, Kairan Li, Wanxiong Zhu, Mohammad Tabish, Xuewei Liu, Ang Li, Xiaohong Chen and Huaihe Song

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 512, 162478
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Controllable homogeneous oxygen crosslinking in pitch for high-performance sodium-ion batteries by sequential air-acid-air oxidation

Yuhan Liu, Xueyan Kang, Qianxun Li, Wanran Lin, Ruohong Bian, Peiyuan Ye, Jiongjiong Li, Jiannan Pei, Feng Jiang, Hao Yang, Zhouguang Lu and Zhenghe Xu

Nano Energy, 2026, 150, 111752
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Ultrathin (15 nm) Carbon Sheets with Surface Oxygen Functionalization for Efficient Pseudocapacitive Na‐ion Storage

Vinodkumar Etacheri, Rudi Ruben Maça, Venkata Sai Avvaru, Chulgi Nathan Hong, Abdullah Alazemi and Vilas G. Pol

ChemElectroChem, 2024, 11
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Sodium Ion Diffusion Behavior in Multiple Open/Closed Pore Ratios of Novel β-Cyclodextrin-Derived Hard Carbon Anode Materials

Shuangshuang Ao, Xuewen Yu, Xiaojie Wang, Dianbo Ruan, Zhijun Qiao and Yuzuo Wang

Nano Lett., 2025, 25, 1314
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Tuning the porosity of hard carbons elaborated from sucrose

L. Raspado, L. Speyer, M. Bolmont, S. Cahen, S. Fontana and C. Hérold

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2024, 191, 112013
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Lignocellulolytic Bacterial Engineering for Tailoring the Microstructure of Hard Carbon as a Sodium-Ion Battery Anode with Fast Plateau Kinetics

Si-Jie Jiang, Yan-Song Xu, Xiao-Wen Sun, Lin Chen, Yun-Nuo Li, Lin Li and Fei-Fei Cao

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 8088
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Regulating the Microstructure of Bituminous Coal‐Based Carbon with Theabrownin to Enhance Its Plateau Sodium Storage Capacity

Yan Wang, Qing Wang, Peizeng Guo, Kaizhong Tong, Shaohua Luo, Yahui Zhang, Pengqing Hou, Shengxue Yan, Xin Liu, Jing Guo and Wenning Mu

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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From Sodium Storage Mechanism to Design of High-Capacity Carbon-Based Anode: A Review

Yujun Zhou and Zhongrong Shen

Materials, 2025, 18, 2248
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Manipulating Interphase Chemistry by Endogenous Doping Toward High-Performance Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Hang Li, Yuan Zhou, Yutian Yang, Yining Chen, Yuying Zhang, Zhe Wang, Quan Zong, Guozhao Fang, Shuang Zhou and Anqiang Pan

Nano-Micro Lett., 2026, 18
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Atomic-level Fe/N-coordinated biomass hard carbon for fast-charging sodium-ion batteries

Wei He, Wenxiu He, Siting Zheng, Puwu Liang, Yihao Yang, Ahmed Abdel-Aziz, Mujtaba Aminu Muhammad, Xiang Hu, Suqin Ci and Zhenhai Wen

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 88, 105055
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Recycling polyvinyl chloride plastics into hard carbon: influence of functional groups on structural and electrochemical properties

Qianqian Zhao, Wei Meng, Haizhou Liu, Shuhao Xiao, Kai Zhu, Dianxue Cao and Ying Zhang

Sci. China Mater., 2026
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Spatial confinement strategy modulated by kinetic diameters of gaseous molecules for sodium storage

Jingqiang Zheng, Weigang Liu, Simin Li, Yanqing Lai, Jie Li and Zhian Zhang

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 73, 103835
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Structural Modulation of Hard Carbons via Composition Regulation toward Efficient Sodium Storage

Shichao Wang, Anning Zhang, Zhanpeng Zhang, Minyu Jia, Jinfeng Sun, Yifei Wang, Linrui Hou and Changzhou Yuan

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2025, 9
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Exploiting iodine redox for Na plating scavenging and interfacial stabilization in sodium-ion batteries

Sheng Dai, Xiangfeng Fan and Huilin Pan

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 87, 105038
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Composite functional materials from the biomass of Baijiu distiller's grains

Changhong Wei, Caiwei Wang, Xueyi Liang, Yangzi Luo, Jie Qiao, Cheng Zeng, Qin Liu, Ziyue Liao, Zhongyao Cao and Wenli Zhang

Composite Functional Materials, 2026, 2, 20260101
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In Situ Generation of Iron Nitride Nanoparticles to Modulate Microcrystalline Structure of Hard Carbon for “Fast-Charging” Metal-Ion Batteries

Rui Liu, Huanzhong Zeng, Lei Zhao, Yuanyou Peng, Meimei Yuan, Yumeng Wang, Gaoyang Li, Shengqiang Nie and Fen Ran

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2025, 13, 13953
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Catalytic Copyrolysis Strategy for Coal-Derived Hard Carbons with Enlarged Interlayer Spacing and Closed Pores toward High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Batteries

Jiayi Li, Jiwei Shi, Mengyao Li, Haining Chen, Linkai Peng, Bohan Zhang, Jiaqi Lan, Zhenghong Huang, Junwei Han and Wei Lv

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 67934
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Fast‐Charging Capabilities of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Prospects

Shunyuan Tan, Yalong Wen, Jie Li, Zimo Huang, Zhian Zhang, Yanqing Lai, Zhongliang Tian and Simin Li

Carbon Neutralization, 2025, 4
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Sulfur/oxygen co-crosslinked pitch for closed-porosity hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries

Zhan Luo, Guopeng Li, Xueer Cao, Mengmeng Huang, Shifeng Deng, Pengwei Hou, Xinlong Yin, Yu Zhao and Nian Wu Li

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 526, 171214
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High‐Compaction Spherical Carbon with Tunable Rich Pore Structures for Efficient Sodium Storage

Qinghang Chen, Qianxiong Wen, Chao Li, Chuangchuang Li, Pandeng Zhao, Lin Li, Xin Tan, Jinze Wang, Xiulin Fan, Shu‐Lei Chou and Xingqiao Wu

Advanced Materials, 2026, 38
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Multi-staged machine learning-driven investigation of biomass-derived hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries: Connecting precursor, structure, and performance

Muxin Liu, Quan Tang, Erwei Leng, Yuanwang Deng, Dangzhen Lv and Jiaqiang E

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 528, 172350
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Revealing Low-Voltage Li/Na/K storage in hard carbon Anodes: Insertion or Pore-Filling under debate

Yirong Wang, Yaxin Chen, Jianzhen Xiong, Xia Qiu, Liang Dong, Jiangmin Jiang, Xiangkai Kong, Quanchao Zhuang and Zhicheng Ju

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 499, 156080
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Synergistic microstructure tailoring in biomass-derived carbon anodes enabling high ICE and rate capability

Haofeng Yu, Yanshuang Meng, Dongming Qi, Qiang Xiang and Fuliang Zhu

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 658, 238353
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A Scalable and Low‐Temperature Route to Abundant Heteroatoms‐Doped Freestanding Carbon Anodes for Fast Sodium‐Ion Storage Kinetics

Zeyu Ma, Wenwu Wang, Guobin Zhang, Yibo Xiong, Ziyu Fan, Leixin Wu, Xiaoqiao Liao, Zilu Hu, Huiming Liang, Qi Shao, Xiaolin Liu, Wenlong Cai, Muhammad Tahir, Hui Tang, Dan Lu, Longbing Qu, Yong Yi, Baohua Li and Liang He

Adv Funct Materials, 2025
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Substitution Index‐Prediction Rules for Low‐Potential Plateau of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Yunfei Xue, Yaxin Chen, Yazhan Liang, Liluo Shi, Rui Ma, Xia Qiu, Ying Li, Nannan Guo, Quanchao Zhuang, Baojuan Xi, Zhicheng Ju and Shenglin Xiong

Advanced Materials, 2025, 37
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Nitrogen-doped ultramicroporous carbon spheres as high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Anqi Li, Qiu Liang, Na Chen, Tingfei Yang, Anrui Feng, Zixiang Guo, Yihan Li and Xue Qin

J Mater Sci, 2025, 60, 10009
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Constructing Heterojunction Interfaces of Bismuth-Antimony Alloys with Bimetallic Sulfide for Ultrafast Sodium-Ion Storage

Zhaoyu Tang, Zhikang Qin, Chen Wang, Tengfei Wang, Junchun Li, Jingting Yang, Guoqing Tong and Yang Jiang

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 83, 104747
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Low-cost scalable lignite-epoxy resin cross-linked hard carbon for sodium-ion battery anodes

Tao Wen, Zhou Xu, Pengyuan Yang, Yanlin Gu, Tengfei Che, Zehao Zhang, Piao Liu, Junfei Duan and Zhaoyong Chen

Electrochimica Acta, 2025, 537, 146881
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Regulating Pseudo‐Graphitic Domain and Closed Pores to Facilitate Plateau Sodium Storage Capacity and Kinetics for Hard Carbon

Zhi Tang, Dan Jiang, Zhouhao Fu, Jia Zhou, Rui Liu, Rui Zhang, Dan Sun, Abdelghaffar S. Dhmees, Yougen Tang and Haiyan Wang

Small Methods, 2024, 8
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Understanding mechanisms of fast sodium storage kinetics for MXene/MoS2@C in ether electrolytes

Lianghao Yu, Xuedong He, Lan Tang, Xiaoqing Wang, Wu Cai, Yongsen He, Yunyu Sun, Guang Zhu, Johanna Rosen and Huile Jin

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 641, 236852
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Microstructure‐Interface Modulation Boosts Sodium Storage Capacity and Stability of Hard Carbon

Zhe Wang, Yutian Yang, Hang Li, Yuying Zhang, Feng Ouyang, Wenjing Dong, Quan Zong, Shuang Zhou and Anqiang Pan

Small, 2026, 22
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A simple and effective low-temperature pyrolysis control strategy to enhance the sodium storage performance of lignite-based carbon materials

Yongjia Lin, Jianbo Jia, Jing Wang, Xinru Kang, Guangxu Huang, Baolin Xing, Weiwei Kang and Chuanxiang Zhang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 504, 158858
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Advanced hard carbon materials for practical applications of sodium-ion batteries developed by combined experimental, computational, and data analysis approaches

Zongfu Sun, Huawei Liu, Wen Li, Ning Zhang, Shan Zhu, Biao Chen, Fang He, Naiqin Zhao and Chunnian He

Progress in Materials Science, 2025, 149, 101401
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MXene‐Induced 2D Hard Carbon with In Situ Embedding of TiC Scaffolds Enabling Fast Na+ Diffusion and Interfacial Stabilization

Jiaqi Jin, Liuyi Hu, Tengtao Hu, Xinping He, Yang Xia, Jun Zhang, Yongping Gan, Ruyi Fang, Xinhui Xia, Wenkui Zhang and Hui Huang

Small, 2025, 21
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Bifunctional engineering to construct N, S-doped hard carbon for superior sodium storage

Fuliang Liu, Shunzhi Yu, Mengyue Yuan, Xiaogang Zhang and Laifa Shen

Applied Materials Today, 2025, 42, 102587
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Transition‐Metal‐Free Electrodes for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: a Path towards Sustainable Energy Storage

Nishita Roy, Anubhab Patra, Gurupada Barik, Satishchandra Ogale and Manas K. Bhunia

Small, 2025, 21
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Synergistic Engineering of Hollow Nanospherical Structure and Closed‐Pore in Hard Carbons for Ultra‐Stable and High‐Utilization Sodium Storage

Jiaying Yang, Rong Zhuang, Kejie Wang, Dengke Liu, Yue Ma, Jiangan Wang, Hongqiang Wang and Fei Xu

Advanced Energy Materials, 2026
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Regulating the pseudo graphitic layers to generate closed pores in biomass derived hard carbon anode for ultrafast-charging sodium ion batteries

Jian Cui, Panpan Su, Xuejiang Zhang, Wenxiu Li, Zuoyi Xiao, Qingda An and Zhongwei Chen

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 524, 168992
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Particuology engineering tuning the sodium-ion storage behaviors of hard carbon anodes

Junjun Yao, Xing He, Shuhua Hao, Lei Zhong, Fangbao Fu, Xihong Zu, Xueqing Qiu and Wenli Zhang

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 86, 104936
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Phosphate ester bonds acted as nodes: Achieving directional construction of closed pore to elevate sodium storage capacity

Bo Wang, Sijia Zhang, Fei Yuan, Ranran Li, Qujiang Sun, Huilan Sun, Qiujun Wang, Di Zhang and Zhaojin Li

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2025, 304, 112627
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Architecting robust solid electrolyte interface for enhanced Na+ storage via single-atom ZnN4 sites decorating hard carbon

Binbin Yang, Kexin Song, Wengang An, Qing Liang, Jielu Yu, Wenwen Li, Fuxi Liu, Boning Xu, Aofei Wei, Zhongjun Chen, Wei Zhang and Weitao Zheng

Acta Materialia, 2025, 288, 120849
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Achieving fast lithium/sodium storage reaction kinetics through semiconductor hetero-interface construction derived from metal-organic framework

Hong Ou, Qijie Mo, Yanyue Chen, Yiqing Liu, Yuhong Luo, Xiaoming Lin, Yongbo Wu and Li Zhang

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 700, 138333
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Ball-milling pretreatment-driven low-temperature waste cotton fibers-based hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Yingying Zhou, Tiantao Huang, Zixin Lv, Che Wang, Junjun Peng, Aiping Jin, Jun Xiong, Linghui Yu, Ming Li, Zhongchen Ma, Jinchao Wei and Qing Chen

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2026, 206, 108600
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Fundamentals and key components of sodium-ion batteries: Challenges and future perspectives

Nanthini Mohana Suntharam, Shahid Bashir, Vengadaesvaran B, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Reasmyraj S, S. Ramesh, K. Ramesh and Thibeorchews Prasankumar

Materials Today Chemistry, 2024, 42, 102350
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Realizing Hard Carbon Anodes with Dual‐High Slope and Plateau Capacities: From Precursor Design Principle to Sodium Storage Mechanism

Jianqi Xiao, Junlin Song, Meng Li, Zhihong Lu, Masatsugu Fujishige, Kenji Takeuchi, Morinobu Endo, Xiaoxia Li, Jin Niu and Feng Wang

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
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Advanced fast-charging anode designs for sodium-ion batteries

Jiaxin Wang, Yanling Yang, Jingeng Chen, Xiao-Lei Shi, Yu Sun, Xuefeng Tian, Hao Che, Yuefeng Chen and Zhi-Gang Chen

Progress in Materials Science, 2026, 156, 101564
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N/P doping-induced defective pore engineering in hard carbon for rapid sodium ion storage and transport

Tengrui Wang, Zhen Tian, Xiaobin Hu, Qian Liu, Lincai Wang, Wenwen Liu, Yifan Zhou, Changwen Ma, Xiang Li and Ruyan Li

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 648, 237369
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Coal-based carbon materials with tuned ion-gates configured by carbon nanodomain curving for sodium-ion battery with 97.55% capacity retention after 1000 cycles

Yuhan Hao, Xiaoyu Zhang, Qi Yang, Zhengjie Shang, Yong Zhang, Wei Zhou, Yifei Hou, Yue Ma, Zhengbing Ren, Yi Zhang, You Han, Chang Yu and Jieshan Qiu

Chemical Engineering Science, 2026, 324, 123377
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Electron‐Spin Regulation Driving Heterointerface Electron Distribution and Phase Transition toward Ultrafast and Durable Sodium Storage

Yuhang Li, Wenying Li, Meng Zhang, Yanhui Zhuang, Huaidong Li, Zhigang Pan, Huihua Min, Tsung‐Yi Chen, Han‐Yi Chen, Hao Yang and Jin Wang

Small, 2024, 20
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Hyper‐Crosslinking to Customize Ultrathin‐Wall Closed Pores in Pitch‐Derived Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Nan Lan, Jingyi Li, Li Zeng, Dan Luo, Dayue Du, Xiaolong Li, Hanna He and Chuhong Zhang

Advanced Materials, 2025, 37
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From Biomass to Energy Storage: A Review on Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sara Nour Eddine, Hamza Daoudi, Meriem Kasbaji, Abdelwahed Chari, Jones Alami, Mouad Dahbi, Mounir El Achaby and Zineb Kassab

Energy Fuels, 2025, 39, 17112
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Crosslinked starch-derived hard carbon with abundant closed pores for enhanced plateau capacity in sodium-ion storage

Conghao Yu, Yuhao Guan, Peng Huang, Jiaqi Wang, Ying Wang, Jinmeng Sun and Wei Ai

Carbon, 2026, 247, 121020
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Tuning the Microstructure and Functional Groups of Coal-Derived Hard Carbons by Urea Additives for 165 Wh kg–1 Sodium Ion Pouch Cells

Dengke Zhang, Jun Ma, Jun Sun, Naizhan Wang, Ge Xu, Qi Liu, Yimei Ouyang, Zhaoyu Rong, Xinyu Gao, Yuhan Zhao, Yongqiang Li, Hui Li, Xianghui Meng, Guiming Zhong, Zhangquan Peng, Yongri Liang, Yongfu Tang and Jianyu Huang

ACS Energy Lett., 2026, 11, 2746
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The latest research progress on closed pore hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries

Tingting Zhao, Lixiang Yan, Liubin Song, Ao Li, Yiyu Xiong, Yu Tian, Zhongliang Xiao and Yinjie Kuang

Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 102, 114209
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Designing Tin and Hard Carbon Architecture for Stable Sodium‐Ion Battery Anode

Rana Faisal Shahzad, Shahid Rasul, Mohamed Mamlouk, Ian Brewis, Rana Abdul Shakoor and Abdul Wasy Zia

Small Structures, 2025, 6
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Unravelling the anionic stability of an ether-based electrolyte with a hard carbon or metallic sodium anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Jiarong He, Yuling Fu, Zhangyating Xie, Zhiyong Xia, Yili Chen, Yingkang Deng, Jinyan Guo, Jizheng Lin, Yutong Kuai and Weishan Li

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 678, 515
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Progress and challenges in the use of carbon anodes for high-energy and fast-charging sodium-ion batteries

Jing-hong Li, Yi-bo Zhang, Yi-ran Jia, Chen-xu Yang, Yue Chu, Jun Zhang, Ying Tao and Quan-Hong Yang

New Carbon Materials, 2024, 39, 729
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Designing tunable closed pores in biomass-derived hard carbon via deep-eutectic solvent pretreatment for high-performance sodium storage

Tong Wu, Jia-hao Yu, Le-ran Li, Qi Niu, Yang-wen Wu, Bin Hu, Kai Li and Qiang Lu

Carbon, 2026, 252, 121379
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Cellulose-grafting boosted pyrolysis nucleation: Achieving low-temperature construction of hard carbon anodes with long low-voltage plateau and ultrafast Na storage kinetics

Yu-Juan Xu, Ying-Ying Wang, Zhen-Yi Gu, Chen-Shuo Zhao, Xing-Long Wu, S.Ravi P. Silva and Bao-Hua Hou

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 75, 104031
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Rational Design of 3D Hierarchical Fe3S4 for Superior Sodium‐Ion Battery Anode Material

Yuteng Gong, Yufeng Sun, Yu Li, Chuan Wu and Ying Bai

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2025, 9
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Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon

Jia‐He Lv, Jing‐Song Wang, Bin He, Tao Wu, An‐Hui Lu, Wenrui Zhang, Juping Xu, Wen Yin, Guang‐Ping Hao and Wen‐Cui Li

Advanced Science, 2024, 11
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Enhancing high-rate plateau capacity of hard carbons by TiC-mediated closed pore formation and heterojunction engineering for sodium-ion batteries

Guilin Feng, Xiaohong Liu, Chunliu Xu, Rongman Sun, Jingye Wang, Xu Yang, Yongbin Wang, Zihan Wang, Yanxiao Chen and Weiqing Yang

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 82, 104559
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Rational design of hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries: Precursor engineering, structural modulation and industrial scalability

Zeren Zhou, Zhijiang Wang, Yixiang Zhang, Qiaoyan Lin, Yong Shuai and Lishuang Fan

Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 80, 104443
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