Recent advances in SnS2-based nanomaterials as high-performance anodes for sodium ion batteries

Abstract

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are expected to replace lithium ion batteries (LIBs) as the next promising rechargeable batteries owing to the abundant distribution and low cost of sodium resources. Exploring a suitable anode material is essential to realize its commercialization. Tin disulfide (SnS₂) is a promising anode on account of its high theoretical capacity and large interlayer spacing. However, low intrinsic conductivity, shuttle effect of polysulfide, and large volume expansion have greatly hindered its application in SIBs. In this review, we first introduce the basic properties, storage mechanisms, and drawbacks of SnS₂. Focusing on these drawbacks, we systematically elaborate four structural design strategies, including compositing with carbon materials, nanostructure design, heterostructure design, and heteroatom doping. Finally, we summarize these four structural design methods and provide insight into the future development of the SnS₂ anode. We hope that this review will give some guidance and inspiration for SnS₂ anode design to achieve its commercialization sooner.