Urea synthesis via electrocatalytic C–N coupling of CO2 and nitrate on oxygen-vacancy-rich Co3O4–CuO heterostructure nanowires

Ziqiang Wang, Rencong Zhang, Yanan Wang, Hongjie Yu, Kai Deng, You Xu, Liang Wang and Hongjing Wang

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 9496
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Co3O4 supported by ultrathin-layered graphitic carbon nitride for efficient electrocatalytic evolution of oxygen

Ruixue Luo, Xi Li, Youping Guo and Renchun Fu

React. Chem. Eng., 2024, 9, 1751
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Recent progress in electrochemical C–N coupling: metal catalyst strategies and applications

Lekai Xu, Zhuojun Yang, Chao Zhang and Chen Chen

Chem. Commun., 2024, 60, 10822
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Highly stable linking of platinum and porous spinel via carbon bridge engineering towards a long-lifespan rechargeable zinc–air battery

Mei Wang, Hao Du, Yong Nian, Guanshui Ma, Jinfang Zhang, Xiaoguang Wang and Xiaofeng Li

Chem. Sci., 2026, 17, 4978
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Research progress in photochemical synthesis of urea through C–N coupling reactions

Zhidong Yang and Peixia Li

RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 48775
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Circumventing Scaling Relations via Gradient Orbital Coupling Promotes Ammonia Electrosynthesis on Cobalt Catalyst

Hanle Liu, Shunhan Jia, Limin Wu, Ruhan Wang, Libing Zhang, Xinning Song, Xingxing Tan, Xiaodong Ma, Xiangyuan Jin, Hang Guo, Xiqing Sui, Qian Li, Rongjuan Feng, Lihong Jing, Qingli Qian, Jianling Zhang, Lei He, Xiaofu Sun and Buxing Han

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Tailoring Atomic Metal Species for Electrochemical-Driven Urea Synthesis Coupled with CO2 and Nitrogen Sources in Aqueous Media

Hyungu Han, Jun Young Kim, Seung Hun Roh, Sangyul Baik and Jung Kyu Kim

Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2025, 42, 2415
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Interfacial Asymmetrically Coordinated Zn−MOF for High‐Efficiency Electrosynthetic Oxime

Jiawei Kang, Peisen Liao, Runan Xiang, Wenpei Liao, Chenyu Yang, Shihan Wang, Qinghua Liu and Guangqin Li

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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In‐Situ Electrochemical Reconstruction of Copper Single‐Sites to Dual‐Sites for Ambient Urea Synthesis

Jiafang Liu, Shengbo Zhang, Zhixian Mao, Wenyi Li, Meng Jin, Huajie Yin, Yunxia Zhang, Guozhong Wang, Haimin Zhang and Huijun Zhao

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
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Tip‐Induced Self‐Enhanced Concentration Gradients Catalyst for Sustainable Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis

Mingyu Chen, Xupeng Qin, Nannan Guo, Zhou Chen, Chu Zhang, Lipan Luo, Kaizhi Gu, Chade Lv, Luxiang Wang, Qinghua Liu, Zhong Cheng, Ze Wu, Han Li, Yidan Huo, Dawei Chen, Guobin Wen, Chen Chen and Shuangyin Wang

Advanced Materials, 2026, 38
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Phosphorus-Doped Cu/Fe2O3 Electrocatalysts with Optimized Synergy between the Different Sites for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis

Ting Deng, Shuaiqiang Jia, Cheng Xue, Hailian Cheng, Jiapeng Jiao, Xiao Chen, Zhanghui Xia, Mengke Dong, Chunjun Chen, Haihong Wu, Mingyuan He and Buxing Han

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 32924
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Recent Advances in Urea Electrocatalysis: Applications, Materials and Mechanisms†

Chu Zhang, Shijie Chen, Liwei Guo, Zeyu Li, Chunshuang Yan and Chade Lv

Chin. J. Chem., 2024, 42, 3441
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Multifunctional Strategies of Advanced Electrocatalysts for Efficient Urea Synthesis

Riyue Ge, Juanjuan Huo, Peng Lu, Yuhai Dou, Zhongchao Bai, Wenxian Li, Huakun Liu, Bin Fei and Shixue Dou

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
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Research Progress of Catalysts with Atomic‐Scale Reactive Sites in Urea Electrosynthesis

Lu Lu, Peng Zhan, Xuehan Chen, Wei Shi, Zhihao Si and Peiyong Qin

ChemCatChem, 2025, 17
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Co-electroreduction of nitrite wastewater and CO2 through C N coupling enabled by oxygen vacancy mediated charge transfer

Siyu Fang, Jiaxin Du, Xuanhao Wu and Zhongbiao Wu

Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, 2026, 384, 126209
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Interfacial Asymmetrically Coordinated Zn−MOF for High‐Efficiency Electrosynthetic Oxime

Jiawei Kang, Peisen Liao, Runan Xiang, Wenpei Liao, Chenyu Yang, Shihan Wang, Qinghua Liu and Guangqin Li

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
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Leaf-like Multiphase Metal Phosphides as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts toward Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries

Boshan Sun, Wenping Zhang, Miaomiao Zheng, Jianfang Meng, Lei Liu, Guanshui Ma, Qifeng Yao and Mei Wang

Inorg. Chem., 2024, 63, 18162
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Oxygen-vacancy-engineered Cr₂CO₂ electrocatalysts for efficient urea synthesis from nitrite and carbon monoxide

Tiantian Zhao, Siyao Wang, Daifei Ye, Jing Xu and Jingxiang Zhao

Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, 2025, 372, 125327
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Correlating the Electrochemical Activity of Nickel Cobaltite Oxide Nanoplate with Composition Regulation: From Macro-Level Assessment to Ultra-Micro Identification

Xiaojuan Yang, Siyu Wan, Zhonggang Liu, Xiaotong Cui, Xuelian Li, Anqi Dong, Zheng Guo and Xingjiu Huang

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2025, 129, 7342
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Tailoring the triple-phase microenvironment for kinetically matched C-N coupling in urea electrosynthesis

Yuhou Pei, Di Li, Yufeng Pei, Zongmiao Li, Yuting Liu, Xiang Ling, Yingying Lu and Bing Zhang

Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, 2026, 382, 125939
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Trace Cu‐Induced Low C─N Coupling Barrier on Amorphous Co Metallene Boride for Boosting Electrochemical Urea Production

Yueji Wu, Han Lin, Qiqi Mao, Hongjie Yu, Kai Deng, Jianguo Wang, Liang Wang, Ziqiang Wang and Hongjing Wang

Small, 2024, 20
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Catalyst and gas diffusion electrode design toward C–N coupling for urea electrosynthesis

Jiping Sun, Bichao Wu, Guangchao Li, Zhixing Wang, Xinhai Li, Huajun Guo, Guochun Yan, Hui Duan, Wenchao Zhang, Min Liu and Jiexi Wang

eScience, 2026, 6, 100425
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Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis via C─N Coupling: Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Insights

Jinjie Zhuang, Jing Song, Wei Shi, Jiaying Tian, Xinxin Kong, Lu Lu and Peiyong Qin

ChemCatChem, 2025, 17
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In‐Situ Electrochemical Reconstruction of Copper Single‐Sites to Dual‐Sites for Ambient Urea Synthesis

Jiafang Liu, Shengbo Zhang, Zhixian Mao, Wenyi Li, Meng Jin, Huajie Yin, Yunxia Zhang, Guozhong Wang, Haimin Zhang and Huijun Zhao

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
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Engineering Multiple Active Site Architectures for Advanced Electrocatalytic Conversions

Riyue Ge, Yawen Li, Juanjuan Huo, Mingjin Cui, Yuhai Dou, Wenxian Li, Hua‐Kun Liu, Zhongchao Bai and Shi‐Xue Dou

Advanced Energy Materials, 2026
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Circumventing Scaling Relations via Gradient Orbital Coupling Promotes Ammonia Electrosynthesis on Cobalt Catalyst

Hanle Liu, Shunhan Jia, Limin Wu, Ruhan Wang, Libing Zhang, Xinning Song, Xingxing Tan, Xiaodong Ma, Xiangyuan Jin, Hang Guo, Xiqing Sui, Qian Li, Rongjuan Feng, Lihong Jing, Qingli Qian, Jianling Zhang, Lei He, Xiaofu Sun and Buxing Han

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
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Revealing the Differences in Enhancing C–N Coupling Reaction Among Different Types of Semiconductor Catalysts for Electrosynthesis of Urea

Ying Chen, Qiuyan Zhang, Shujie Hu, Mengyue Zhang, Di Wu and Yuan Liu

Adv Synth Catal, 2026, 368
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Recent progress in green catalysis for C N bond construction toward sustainable chemical production

Hui Zheng, Zheng Li, Hangtian Hu, Yiran Liu, Zhangxing Chen, Siwei Ma, Wenping Li and Jinguang Hu

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2026, 560, 217885
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Insights into C–N Bond Formation through the Coreduction of Nitrite and CO2: Guiding Selectivity Toward C–N Bond

Mohammadreza Karamad

ACS Catal., 2025, 15, 8497
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Electroreduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous pollutants to achieve C N coupling for urea synthesis: Progress, mechanism, and challenges

Yongxue Guo, Han Chen, Jiaxin Du, Jianyang Yuan, Siyu Fang, Shanyuhan Jin, Feng Liu, Meng Qi, Xuanhao Wu, Runlong Hao, Zhongbiao Wu and Lidong Wang

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2026, 551, 217473
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Exploration of earth-abundant transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni) doped on W18O49 system as electrocatalysts for urea productiont

Kaile Li, Changyan Zhu, Xiaohui Yao, Ao Yang, Yunjie Chu, Mengxue Wang, Yun Geng, Zhongmin Su and Min Zhang

Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2024, 37, 605
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Mechanisms and Advanced Characterizations for Urea Electrosynthesis

Chu Zhang, Liwei Guo, Shuangli Li, Zihan Chen, Chunshuang Yan and Chade Lv

EcoEnergy, 2026
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Unraveling the enhanced urea selectivity in electroreduction of CO2 and nitrate over Bimetallic CuZn catalysts

Binxin Lv, Jiayue Yu, Fengchen Zhou, Zizi Wang, Junjun Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Yang Wu, Yong Wang and Wen Luo

Molecular Catalysis, 2025, 578, 114978
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