Issue 1, 2023

Upcycling of thermosetting polymers into high-value materials

Abstract

Thermosetting polymers, a large class of polymers featuring excellent properties, have been widely used and play an irreplaceable role in our life. Nevertheless, they are arduous to be recycled or reused on account of their permanently cross-linked networks, and the main recycling approaches used currently include energy recovery through incineration, utilization as fillers after mechanical grinding, and pyrolysis, which only reclaim a small fraction or partial value of thermosetting polymers and their downstream materials. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the efforts undertaken towards upcycling thermosetting polymers in recent years. The research progress on physical upcycling, carbonization, solvolysis and vitrimerization of thermoset waste to high-value materials, including oil–water separation materials, 3D printable materials, functional carbon materials (supercapacitors, photothermal conversion materials, and catalytic materials), additives, emulsifiers, biolubricants, and vitrimers, are summarized and discussed. Perspectives on the future development of the art of upcycling thermosets are also provided.

Graphical abstract: Upcycling of thermosetting polymers into high-value materials

Article information

Article type
Minireview
Submitted
12 set 2022
Accepted
24 out 2022
First published
26 out 2022

Mater. Horiz., 2023,10, 41-51

Upcycling of thermosetting polymers into high-value materials

B. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Du, J. Zhu and S. Ma, Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 41 DOI: 10.1039/D2MH01128J

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