Issue 8, 2021

Recent advances and challenges of inverted lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable interest since 2009 owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties, achieving a certified efficiency of 25.5% over a 12 year period. However, the presence of lead in perovskites, which is a cumulative toxicant to human bodies, hampers the market prospect of these solar cells. Sn perovskites with narrow band gaps and high carrier mobilities are thus by far the most promising alternatives. Sn-Based PSCs have attracted increasing attention owing to their inverted planar p–i–n structure, which represented an important breakthrough in the field. Their main advantages include low-temperature fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and suppressed hysteresis behavior, along with a competitive power conversion efficiency of up to 12.4%. Recent progress in the device performance of p–i–n Sn-based PSCs demonstrates the promising potential of these materials. Here, recent developments and future perspectives regarding inverted p–i–n Sn-based PSCs are reviewed. In particular, this review focuses mainly on device features and charge transport layers of p–i–n Sn-based PSCs, properties of Sn perovskites, and fabrication of a high quality Sn perovskite active layer, highlighting the obstacles to further progress and opportunities for future work. The current challenges and prospects for Sn-based PSCs are also discussed.

Graphical abstract: Recent advances and challenges of inverted lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
24 mar 2021
Accepted
07 jun 2021
First published
08 jun 2021

Energy Environ. Sci., 2021,14, 4292-4317

Recent advances and challenges of inverted lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells

L. Xu, X. Feng, W. Jia, W. Lv, A. Mei, Y. Zhou, Q. Zhang, R. Chen and W. Huang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 4292 DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00890K

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements